Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of a New Vaginal Dynamometer to Measure Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength.

AIMS: Assess the intrarater and interrater reliabilities and diagnostic accuracy of a new vaginal dynamometer to measure pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength in incontinent and continent women. METHODS: A test-retest reliability study including 152 female patients. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: history of urge urinary incontinence, prolapse of pelvic organ, pregnancy, previous urogynecological surgery, severe vaginal atrophy, or neurological conditions. The examination comprised digital assessment using the modified Oxford scale (MOS) and dynamometry measurements with a new prototype hand-held dynamometer. The MOS score ranges from 0 to 5: 0, no contraction; 1, flicker; 2, weak; 3, moderate; 4, good; 5, strong. Examinations were performed by a physiatrist, a physiotherapist and a midwife. The rest period between each rater measurement was 5 minutes. Assessment of intrarater and interrater reliability was calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two incontinent women and 30 continent women were included. Scores between 0 and 2 in MOS were recorded in 72% of incontinent women versus 20% in continent patients (P < 0.001). Intrarater reliability of the dynamometer was 0.942 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.920-0.958) and the interrater reliability was 0.937 (95% CI, 0.913-0.954). The analysis of variance analysis showed significant differences in PFM strength across digital assessment categories. The post-hoc analysis showed statistical differences between adjacent categories of MOS 1-2 and 2-3. The diagnostic accuracy showed an area under the curve of 0.82 (95% C,: 0.75-0.89), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.81-0.92), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.90) for the physiatrist, midwife, and physiotherapist, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show a good reliability and validity of this new vaginal dynamometer to quantify PFM strength.

Inter-rater reliability of the digital palpation of pelvic floor muscle by the modified oxford grading scale in continent and incontinent women / Fiabilidad inter evaluador de la palpación digital de los músculos del suelo pélvico utilizando la escala modificada de Oxford graduada en mujeres continentes e incontinentes

Objective: The first choice treatment in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is rehabilitation of the pelvic floor in order to improve muscle strength. However, no entirely reliable instruments for quantifying pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength are currently available. Our aim was to test the inter-rater reliability of the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) used as the gold standard for measuring PFM strength. Methods: Test-retest reliability study. One hundred and twenty-two women with SUI and thirty continent women were recruited. Patients were excluded if they had a history consistent with pelvic organ prolapse, pregnancy, previous urogynaecological surgery, or neurological conditions. Bidigital palpation quantified by the MOS was carried out by three independent examiners. Each subject answered a two-part questionnaire: demographic and clinical characteristics and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The Cohen’s Kappa index with quadratic (Kw) weighting was used to assess the inter-rater agreement. Results: 122 incontinent and 30 continent women were included. MOS ranged between 0 and 2 in 72.2% incontinent and 19.5% of continent women. The degree of agreement was substantial in the group of incontinent women (Kw between 0.73 and 0.81) and moderate in the group of continent women (Kw between 0.55 and 0.72). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the inter-observer reliability of MOS is improbable, especially in continent women

Objetivo: El tratamiento de primera elección en la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo es la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico con el fin de mejorar la fuerza muscular. Sin embargo, actualmente no se dispone de instrumentos totalmente fiables para cuantificar la fuerza de la musculatura del suelo pélvico. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la fiabilidad interobservador de la Escala de Oxford Modificada (MOS) utilizada como el patrón oro para medir la fuerza. Métodos: Estudio de fiabilidad test-retest. Se reclutaron ciento veintidós mujeres con Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo y treinta mujeres continentes. Las pacientes fueron excluidas si presentaban: prolapso de órganos pélvicos, embarazo, cirugía uroginecológica previa, o enfermedades neurológicas. La palpación bidigital cuantificada con la Escala de Oxford Modificada fue realizada por tres examinadores independientes. Cada sujeto respondió a un cuestionario en dos partes: características demográficas y clínicas y el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Forma abreviada (ICIQ-SF). Se utilizó el índice de Kappa de Cohen con ponderación cuadrática (Kw) para evaluar el acuerdo entre evaluadores. Resultados: El MOS osciló entre 0 y 2 en el 72,2% de incontinentes y el 19,5% de las mujeres continentes. El grado de concordancia fue considerable en el grupo de mujeres incontinentes (Kw entre 0,73 y 0,81) y moderado en el grupo de mujeres continentes (Kw entre 0,55 y 0,72). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la fiabilidad interobservador de la MOS es mejorable, especialmente en las mujeres continentes

Inter-rater reliability of the digital palpation of pelvic floor muscle by the modified Oxford Grading Scale in continent and incontinent women. / Fiabilidad inter evaluador de la palpación digital de los músculos del suelo pélvico utilizando la escala modificada de Oxford graduada en mujeres continentes e incontinentes.

OBJECTIVE: The first choice treatment in stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is rehabilitation of the pelvic floor in order to improve muscle strength. However, no entirely reliable instruments for quantifying pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength are currently available. Our aim was to test the inter-rater reliability of the Modified Oxford Scale (MOS) used as the gold standard for measuring PFM strength. METHODS: Test-retest reliability study. One hundred and twenty-two women with SUI and thirty continent women were recruited. Patients were excluded if they had a history consistent with pelvic organ prolapse, pregnancy, previous urogynaecological surgery, or neurological conditions. Bidigital palpation quantified by the MOS was carried out by three independent examiners. Each subject answered a two-part questionnaire: demographic and clinical characteristics and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The Cohen's Kappa index with quadratic (Kw) weighting was used to assess the inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: 122 incontinent and 30 continent women were included. MOS ranged between 0 and 2 in 72.2% incontinent and 19.5% of continent women. The degree of agreement was substantial in the group of incontinent women (Kw between 0.73 and 0.81) and moderate in the group of continent women (Kw between 0.55 and 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the inter-observer reliability of MOS is improbable, especially in continent women.

OBJETIVO: El tratamiento de primera elección en la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo es la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico con el fin de mejorar la fuerza muscular. Sin embargo, actualmente no se dispone de instrumentos totalmente fiables para cuantificar la fuerza de la musculatura del suelo pélvico. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la fiabilidad interobservador de la Escala de Oxford Modificada (MOS) utilizada como el patrón oro para medir la fuerza. MÉTODOS: Estudio de fiabilidad test-retest. Se reclutaron ciento veintidós mujeres con Incontinencia Urinaria de Esfuerzo y treinta mujeres continentes. Las pacientes fueron excluidas si presentaban: prolapso de órganos pélvicos, embarazo, cirugía uroginecológica previa, o enfermedades neurológicas. La palpación bidigital cuantificada con la Escala de Oxford Modificada fue realizada por tres examinadores independientes. Cada sujeto respondió a un cuestionario en dos partes: características demográficas y clínicas y el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Forma abreviada (ICIQ-SF). Se utilizó el índice de Kappa de Cohen con ponderación cuadrática (Kw) para evaluar el acuerdo entre evaluadores. RESULTADOS: El MOS osciló entre 0 y 2 en el 72,2% de incontinentes y el 19,5% de las mujeres continentes. El grado de concordancia fue considerable en el grupo de mujeres incontinentes (Kw entre 0,73 y 0,81) y moderado en el grupo de mujeres continentes (Kw entre 0,55 y 0,72).CONCLUSIÓN: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la fiabilidad interobservador de la MOS es mejorable, especialmente en las mujeres continentes.