[A rare and unusual cause of dysphonia: The leech]. / Une cause rare et inhabituelle d'une dysphonie: la sangsue.

We report a case of dysphonia associated with intermittent episodes of hemoptysis low abundance in a patient aged 32, clinical examination is normal, nasofibroscopie objective a leech at the laryngeal orifice, extracted by direct laryngoscopy in emergency.

[Malignant melanoma of the mandibular gingiva]. / Le mélanome malin de la gencive mandibulaire.

INTRODUCTION: The oral melanoma (OM) account for 1% of all melanomas. The prognosis is poor despite an adequate locoregional control of the disease. OBSERVATION: A 47 year old women consulted for a blackish lesion of the mandibular gingiva next to tooth 37. Intraoral examination showed a dark pigmented lesion on the lingual side of the left mandibular molar region, extending from tooth 37 to the trine retro left molar. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of mucosal nodular melanoma. A wide surgical excision without ipsilateral neck dissection was performed. The treatment was completed by 30 Gy external beam radiotherapy, the patient died 18 months after the first consultation. DISCUSSION: Oral melanomas have a poor prognosis probably because they are generally detected late. The most common sites for oral melanomas are the palate and maxillary gingival, malignant melanoma of the mandibular gingiva is extremely rare. About 30% of OM is preceded by areas of oral pigmentation for several months or years. The prognosis is poor with a 5% to 20% five-year survival rate.

[Epidemiology of paediatric emergencies in ENT]. / Epidémiologie des urgences pédiatriques en ORL.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and severity of pediatric emergencies in ENT in Casablanca. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study over two years from January 1st 2010 to December 31, 2011, covering 2220 pediatric othorhinolaryngology emergencies observed in the emergency department of the "20 August Casablanca" hospital. RESULTS: Males predominate and account for 72.25% compared to 27.74% of girls. The mean age was 7.5 years ranging from 03 months to 15 years. Five pathologies top the list; head and neck wounds (28.11%), foreign bodies (21.62%), infectious emergencies (21.57%), blunt trauma (16.39%), and finally hemorrhages from natural orifices (11.22%). CONCLUSION: This study assessed the prevalence and severity of ENT emergencies in children in Casablanca.

[Eagle syndrom: A case report]. / Le syndrome de Eagle : à propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: The Eagle syndrome is a rare entity characterized by a hypertrophy of the styloid process responsible for clinical signs in connection with compression of the vasculonervous structures of vicinity. CASE REPORT: Female 40 years old who complained for 7 years about intense right temporo-parietal headache, associated with ocular pains, otalgia, tinnitus and swallowing problems. These symptoms were unilateral. The only notable antecedent was an extraction of the wisdom teeth of the lower arc 10 years before. CONCLUSION: The Eagle syndrome is an unusual syndrome ignored by the majority of the clinicians. The simple palpation of the oropharyngeal walls (tonsils) makes it possible to evoke the diagnosis. This suspicion will be confirmed by Xrays. The surgery presents few risks and the patient is released of symptoms very quickly.

[Recurrent ameloblastoma on a rib graft after 33 years (a case report and review of the literature)]. / Récidive d'un améloblastome sur greffe costale après 33 ans (à propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature).

INTRODUCTION: The recurrence of an ameloblastoma is generally due to insufficient margins of resection or to the aggressiveness of the tumour which is regarded as locally malignant. Recurrencies on autologus osseous graft are rare in the literature. We report the case of a recurrent ameloblastoma on autologus rib graft which occurred 33 years after the surgery. OBSERVATION: A 59 year old man, underwent at the age of 26 years a tumoral removal of a left mandibular cyst with reconstruction by costal graft. The histopathologic diagnosis was an ameloblastoma with healthy limits and without invasion of the soft tissues. He consulted recently for a tumour located at the left side of the symphysis and presenting an endo-oral component bending at the level of the floor of the mouth. The CTscan objectified a cystic hypodensity well defined inside the rib graft. The patient underwent a surgery performed by a mixed approach (endo-oral and cervical). The tumour was removed with macroscopically healthy margins. CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of the recurrence of an ameloblastoma on autologus osseous graft is still not well understood. Thus, it is recommended to get healthy margins in case of en bloc resection requiring to make the limits of the resection at least at one centimeter from the tumour. A very longterm follow-up clinical and radiological is also mandatory.

[Parotid tumors: a report of 120 cases]. / Les tumeurs de la parotide (à propos de 120 cas).

The treatment of the parotid tumors was clarified for a majority of the tumors, in spite of her histology diversity. The authors report in a retrospective study 120 cases of a parotid gland tumors during ten years over. They insist on the difficult of therapeutics, the histological diversity and the complications and sequelles of the surgery. The diagnosis was especially clinical and completed by scan and or a sialography. The superficial or total parotidectomy with preservation of facial nerve was realized in eighty-nine percent. The functional courage and the radiotherapy were associated respectively in eleven and seventeen patients. The histology was dominated by the benign tumors. The complications and sequelles were a facial paralysis definitive and a Frey's syndrome respectively in three percent cases. The ninety-seven percent patients were controlled with a mean follow up of three years. After results we must know every histologic type for to adapt his treatment. And the same complications and the sequelles were noted in all surgery type.

[Benign odontogenic cysts and tumors of the jaws (apropos of 38 cases)]. / Les kystes et les tumeurs odontogènes bénignes des maxillaires (à propos de 38 cas).

The authors report their experience concerning the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of 38 cases of cysts and odontogenous bening tumors of maxillaries. They underline of following: the frequency of this pathology in young male adults (58%); the importance of standard radiology which permits a diagnostic approach in 20 cases (52.6%); the necessity of adequate treatment the type of which depends on the radiological aspect and mainly the peroperative macroscopic aspect of the lesion and the necessity of the anatomopathological examination of any surgical piece of cystic lesion in order not neglect an ameloblastoma.

[An uncommon site of hydatid cyst]. / A propos d'une localisation inhabituelle du kyste hydatique.

The authors report on a case of a cervical hydatid cyst revealed by an isolated subangulomaxillary tumefaction. They stress the scarcity of this localization, the definitive diagnosis of which is obtained only with an exploratory and curative cervicotomy.

[Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. / Le kyste anévrysmal osseux de la mandible. A propos d'un cas et revue de la littérature.

Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign lesion, rarely found in the craniofacial region and exceptionally in the mandible. One previously unreported case originally in the mandible is presented with a review of the literature. The authors insist on pathological diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics.

Effect of alcohol on genetically determined variants of the normal electroencephalogram.

The effect of a single dose of alcohol on the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of healthy male carriers of extreme variants of the EEG was examined. The EEG variants included: low voltage, borderline alpha, diffuse beta, and monotonous alpha EEG. The EEGs were analyzed on a small processor by means of a program for interval-amplitude analysis. The synchronizing effect of alcohol (increase of alpha activity and decrease of variance of frequency) was most pronounced in the borderline alpha EEG. As the interindividual variability of the resting EEG is known to be genetically determined, it can be concluded that the differential effects of ethanol on the EEG have a genetic basis.