ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report clinical profiles of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated uveitis in seven cases from a single tertiary eye care center in South India. METHODS: Retrospective case series 2013-2023. RESULTS: Seven cases of MS-associated uveitis were retrieved from our databases. There were five females and two males. The diagnosis of MS was made by the neurologist in all cases. Bilaterality was seen in all cases. Intermediate uveitis was the most common presentation (five cases). It was associated with peripheral retinal vasculitis (two cases) and disc pallor (two cases). Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis (one case) and incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH)-like presentation with a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane (one case) were the other presentations. In the case with incomplete VKH-like presentation, whole genome sequencing revealed a heterozygous non-synonymous variation (c.1228C>T) in exon 10 of TNFRSF1A, suggestive of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis 5 due to mutation in the TNFRS1A gene on chromosome 12p13.31. All cases received systemic steroids. Azathioprine (three cases) and rituximab (three cases) were the commonly used immunomodulatory drugs. The visual outcome was good in all cases at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: MS-associated uveitis is underreported in India. This series highlights the clinical profile of MS-associated uveitis in India.
ABSTRACT
Human ocular Dirofilariasis is a relatively rare, zoonotic disease, caused by a filarial nematode, Dirofilaria repens. This parasitic infestation usually presents as a subconjunctival nodule with hyperemia. The authors present a case of subconjunctival dirofilariasis in a 91-year-old gentleman, who presented with manifestations of orbital cellulitis. The live worm was surgically removed and identified to be D. repens.
