[Factors Affecting Clinical Practicum Stress of Nursing Students: Using the Lazarus and Folkman's Stress-Coping Model].

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to test a path model for the factors related to undergraduate nursing students' clinical practicum stress, based on Lazarus and Folkman's stress-coping model. METHODS: This study utilized a path analysis design. A total of 235 undergraduate nursing students participated in this study. The variables in the hypothetical path model consisted of clinical practicum, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, Nun-chi, and nursing professionalism. We tested the fit of the hypothetical path model using SPSS/WIN 23.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The final model fit demonstrated a satisfactory statistical acceptance level: goodness-of-fit-index=.98, adjusted goodness-of-fit-index=.91, comparative fit index=.98, normed fit index=.95, Tucker-Lewis index=.92, and root mean square error of approximation=.06. Self-efficacy (ß=-.22, p=.003) and Nun-chi behavior (ß=-.17, p=.024) were reported as significant factors affecting clinical practicum stress, explaining 10.2% of the variance. Nursing professionalism (ß=.20, p=.006) and self-efficacy (ß=.45, p<.001) had direct effects on emotional intelligence, explaining 45.9% of the variance. Self-efficacy had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (ß=.20, p<.001) and Nun-chi behavior (ß=.09, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. Nursing professionalism had indirect effects on Nun-chi understanding (ß=.09, p=.005) and Nun-chi behavior (ß=.09, p=.005) through emotional intelligence. The variables for self-efficacy and nursing professionalism explained 29.1% of the Nun-chi understanding and 18.2% of the Nun-chi behavior, respectively. CONCLUSION: In undergraduate nursing education, it is important to identify and manage factors that affect clinical practicum stress. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of Nun-chi, self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and nursing professionalism in the development of an educational strategy for undergraduate nursing students.

Selective Growth of Metallic and Semiconducting Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Textured Silicon.

We fabricated the etched Si substrate having the pyramidal pattern size from 0.5 to 4.2 µm by changing the texturing process parameters, i.e., KOH concentration, etching time, and temperature. Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were then synthesized on the etched Si substrates with different pyramidal pattern by chemical vapor deposition. We investigated the optical and electronic properties of SWNT film grown on the etched Si substrates of different morphology by using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and conducting probe atomic force microscopy. We confirmed that the morphology of substrate strongly affected the selective growth of the SWNT film. Semiconducting SWNTs were formed on larger pyramidal sized Si wafer with higher ratio compared with SWNTs on smaller pyramidal sized Si.

Photoluminescence study of encapsulated dye inside single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in solvents.

Photo-luminescent dye, 1-(2-amino-phenyl) naphthalene-2-ylamine (APNA) molecules were synthesized and encapsulated inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (APNA@SWNTs) in vacuum. Here we measured X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectrum to confirm the encapsulation of APNA molecules inside SWNTs. Strong photoluminescence (PL) spectrum was observed around 400 nm at an excitation of 326 nm. We employed the PL intensity of the dye to reveal suspension stability of SWNTs in solvents. The intensity of PL spectrum increased as a function of SWNTs suspension stability, i.e., the PL intensity was proportional to suspension stability of SWNTs in various solvents.