Intermediary role of mood in the way music affects emotional reception of visual stimuli in adolescents. / Posredniczaca rola nastroju we wplywie muzyki na emocjonalny odbiór materialu obrazowego przez adolescentów.

OBJECTIVES: The role of music in everyone's, especially a young person's life is greatly important in their emotional perception of reality. The aim of this study was to determine the intermediary function of mood in the way music affects emotional reception of visual stimuli among adolescents. METHODS: The experiment involved 388 adolescents (13-15 years old). We used a non-verbal tool to measure emotion and attention (The International Affective Picture System - IAPS), the Mood Chart and the Youth Questionnaire. Furthermore, we utilized recordings representing three various music genres (hip-hop, pop and heavy metal). RESULTS: Our results indicate that the participants' mood determined their emotional reception of presented visual material. Good mood was linked to lower emotional arousal during exposure to neutral images (after listening to pop and heavy metal music), and induced greater pleasure from looking at positive and neutral pictures. Viewing negative images while experiencing average or good mood caused less pleasure than looking at them in low mood. Hip-hop music and low mood correlated with higher emotional arousal in response to neutral pictures. None of the results indicated a correlation between adolescents' listening to heavy metal or hip-hop music (while experiencing low mood) and positive reception of visual stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: The study was an attempt to describe the link between the intangible factors that are mood, music and emotional reception of visual images by adolescents. Despite the methodological difficulties, this relationship was determined.

[An attempt to assess women's knowledge about caesarean section in the questionnaire survey].

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: In last year the proportion of caesarean sections constantly growing. The aim: To evaluate the knowledge in the questionnaire survey of women about the Caesarean section. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 1462 women in age 18-57 were tested by the method of diagnostic survey. The tool of research was own survey composed of 26 question. RESULTS: Results: Among 1462 of women, which was poll, 79,6% described anxiety as the main factor to make a decision to have a caesarean section. The most frequently mentioned disease in 93,6%, which may appear among women after surgery were adhesions, while a delay of lactation in 59,36% has a negative influence on newborn children. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: 1. The percentage increase of elective caesarean sections is related to the extension of procedures related to psychiatric indications. However, most women, still prefer a natural birth because of safety for the mother and the child. 2. The awareness of women with higher education causes a higher percentage of cesarian sections, because of the greater anxiety about their own health, health of the newborn and safety of a natural birth. 3. Women in a reproductive age should have access to literature and antenatal schools, but also to psychoeducational meetings and a detailed discussion on this subject of both forms of delivery. 4. Increasing the number of cesarean sections to avoid criminal, civil and professional liability contributes to the increase of awareness and claims and by the knowledge of the law by the society.