Factors associated with suicide in physicians: a silent stigma and public health problem that has not been studied in depth.

Suicide is a complex and multifaceted public health issue that affects individuals from all walks of life, including healthcare professionals such as physicians. According to research, physicians have a higher risk of suicide compared to the general population, with an estimated suicide rate that is two to three times greater than that of the general population. Suicide in physicians can have devastating consequences, not only for the individual but also for their patients and colleagues. The factors contributing to suicide in physicians are numerous and often interrelated. Physicians are exposed to numerous stressors in their daily lives, including long work hours, high workload, burnout, and exposure to traumatic events. These stressors can lead to mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, which in turn can increase the risk of suicide. In addition to work-related stressors, personal factors such as relationship problems, financial stress, and a history of mental health problems can also contribute to suicide risk in physicians. Stigma and shame around seeking help for mental health issues may also prevent physicians from seeking treatment, exacerbating the problem. Understanding the complex factors that contribute to suicide in physicians is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies. For this reason, it is necessary to know the behavior of this phenomenon and the factors associated with a higher risk of suicide in this population. However, taking into account that different regions of the world vary in socioeconomic, cultural, professional, occupational, and health attributes, it is to be expected that the behavior of these risk factors will also be heterogeneous. At present, it is presumed that there is a significant gap in the evidence, due to a predominance of evidence on this topic from high-income countries. Considering the importance of having a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors for suicide in the medical population and possible strategies to mitigate this condition, the aim of this review is to analyze the most recent evidence on these factors, and to assess the quality of the evidence and gaps that need to be studied further.

ChemTastesDB: A curated database of molecular tastants.

The purpose of this work is the creation of a chemical database named ChemTastesDB that includes both organic and inorganic tastants. The creation, curation pipeline and the main features of the database are described in detail. The database includes 2944 verified and curated compounds divided into nine classes, which comprise the five basic tastes (sweet, bitter, umami sour and salty) along with four additional categories: tasteless, non-sweet, multitaste and miscellaneous. ChemTastesDB provides the following information for each tastant: name, PubChem CID, CAS registry number, canonical SMILES, class taste and references to the scientific sources from which data were retrieved. The molecular structure in the HyperChem (.hin) format of each chemical is also made available. In addition, molecular fingerprints were used for characterizing and analyzing the chemical space of tastants by means of unsupervised machine learning. ChemTastesDB constitutes a useful tool to the scientific community to expand the information of taste molecules and to assist in silico studies for the taste prediction of unevaluated and as yet unsynthetized compounds, as well as the analysis of the relationships between molecular structure and taste. The database is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5747393.

Foodinformatic prediction of the retention time of pesticide residues detected in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap.

The present work describes the development of an in silico model to predict the retention time (tR) of a large Compound DataBase (CDB) of pesticides detected in fruits and vegetables. The model utilizes ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole-Orbitrap (UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap) mass spectrometry (MS) data. The available CDB was properly curated, and the pesticides were represented by conformation-independent molecular descriptors. In an attempt to improve the model predictions, the best four MLR models obtained were subjected to a consensus analysis. The optimal model was evaluated by means of the coefficient of determination and the residual standard deviation in calibration, validation, and prediction, along other internal and external validation criteria to accomplish the guidelines defined by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Finally, the in silico model was applied to predict the tR of an external set of 57 pesticides.

Sex differences in how social networks and relationship quality influence experimental pain sensitivity.

This is the first study to examine how both structural and functional components of individuals' social networks may moderate the association between biological sex and experimental pain sensitivity. One hundred and fifty-two healthy adults (mean age = 22yrs., 53% males) were measured for cold pressor task (CPT) pain sensitivity (i.e., intensity ratings) and core aspects of social networks (e.g., proportion of friends vs. family, affection, affirmation, and aid). Results showed consistent sex differences in how social network structures and intimate relationship functioning modulated pain sensitivity. Females showed higher pain sensitivity when their social networks consisted of a higher proportion of intimate types of relationship partners (e.g., kin vs. non kin), when they had known their network partners for a longer period of time, and when they reported higher levels of logistical support from their significant other (e.g., romantic partner). Conversely, males showed distinct patterns in the opposite direction, including an association between higher levels of logistical support from one's significant other and lower CPT pain intensity. These findings show for the first time that the direction of sex differences in exogenous pain sensitivity is likely dependent on fundamental components of the individual's social environment. The utility of a social-signaling perspective of pain behaviors for examining, comparing, and interpreting individual and group differences in experimental and clinical pain reports is discussed.