Condiciones laborales y transformaciones en significados del trabajo en inmigrantes profesionales colombianos en Rancagua, Chile / Labor conditions and transformations in the meanings of work in Colombian professional immigrants in Rancagua, Chile

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo estudiar la relación entre las condiciones laborales y las transformaciones en los significados del trabajo en colombianos profesionales migrantes en Rancagua (Chile) explicada desde el modelo desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa de Siegrist, y la teoría de los dos factores higiénicos y motivadores de Herzberg y colaboradores. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete participantes, con diseño narrativo biográfico, analizadas a través de líneas narrativas y relatos de vida. Se encontró que los significados se configuran según las condiciones laborales ofrecidas por cada contexto laboral sea del país de origen o de destino. Los significados de los participantes variaron en la centralidad que pasó a ser relativa, la ampliación y refuerzo de derechos y deberes laborales, y el fortalecimiento de valores laborales (aspectos deseados en el trabajo) relativos a mejores condiciones laborales y de calidad de vida. El trabajo pasó de concebirse principalmente como fuente de subsistencia, a ser fuente de crecimiento y realización personal. Se sugiere realizar investigaciones con un mayor número de participantes así como desde una perspectiva cuantitativa para ampliar el espectro, y en distintos países. Esto le permitiría al gobierno correspondiente tomar medidas en política pública para favorecer las condiciones laborales dentro del territorio colombiano y cuidar la fuga de la fuerza laboral a mercados de trabajo que cuentan con mejores condiciones.

Abstract The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the working conditions and transformations in the meanings of work in Colombian migrant professionals of Rancagua (Chile), explained from Siegrist's effort-reward imbalance model, and the theory of the two hygienic and motivational factors exposed by Herzberg and collaborators. A qualitative investigation was carried out through semi-structured interviews with seven participants, with biographical narrative design, analyzed through narrative lines and life stories. It was found that the meanings are configured according to the working conditions offered by each work context, whether it is the country of origin or destination. The meanings of the participants varied in the centrality which became relative, the expansion and reinforcement of labor rights and duties, and the strengthening of labor values (desired aspects at work) related to better working conditions and quality of life. Work went from being conceived mainly as a source of subsistence to being a source of personal growth and fulfillment. Further research is suggested with a larger number of participants as well as from a quantitative perspective in order to enhance working conditions within the colombian territory and safeguard the talent drain to job markets with greater conditions.

Epilepsy and electroencephalographic abnormalities in patients with diagnosis of idiopathic autism spectrum disorder in Medellín.

The objective of the present study was to make a clinical and electroencephalographic characterization of the electrical findings and types of seizures in patients with idiopathic autism. Pediatric patients of any age, with the diagnosis of idiopathic ASD, contained within the database of the research "Genetic in autism" were included. An electroencephalographic recording with epilepsy protocol was performed in all the patients. 20 pediatric patients were included with an age media of 10.5 years, SD 5.48 years. The median age for the diagnosis of ASD was 53 months, and epileptic seizures were documented in 45%. 66.6% of patients with epileptic events had anti-epileptic treatment, and only 33.3% had achieved seizure control with medication. Interictal abnormal EEG records were found in 8 patients (40%), with 6 of them having epileptic seizures. The abnormal EEG activity was multifocal in 62.5%, focal in 25% and generalized in 12.5% of the cases. The most frequently compromised location was the temporal lobe.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar desde el punto de vista clínico y electroencefalográfico los hallazgos eléctricos y los tipos de crisis en pacientes con autismo idiopático. Se incluyeron pacientes de cualquier edad, con diagnóstico de TEA idiopático y pertenecientes a la base de datos de la investigación "Genética del Autismo". A todos los pacientes se les realizó electroencefalograma de rutina (EEG) con protocolo de epilepsia. Se recolectaron 20 pacientes en edad pediátrica con edad media de 10.5 años, DE de 5.84 años. Para la edad de diagnóstico del TEA, la media era de 53 meses. Se documentaron crisis epilépticas en 45% de los pacientes. De todos los pacientes con crisis, 66.6% tenían tratamiento con medicamentos antiepilépticos, y solo 33.3% habían logrado control de las crisis con el tratamiento. El EEG interictal fue anormal en 8 pacientes (40%), de los cuales 6 tenían crisis epilépticas. La actividad anormal fue multifocal en 62.5% de los pacientes, focal en 25% y generalizada en 12.5% de los casos. La localización más frecuente de las anomalías fue en el lóbulo temporal.

BUILDing Equity in STEM: A Collaborative Undergraduate Research Program to Increase Achievement of Underserved Community College Students.

Undergraduate research programs at community colleges maximize their impact through partnerships with baccalaureate-granting institutions, which provide much needed access to subject matter experts, research labs, and funding to underserved students. The program Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity: Promoting Opportunities for Diversity in Education and Research (BUILD PODER) partners baccalaureate-granting California State University, Northridge with community college faculty and students to facilitate undergraduate research and development at community colleges. Eighty-one community college students and 41 community college faculty mentors have participated in BUILD PODER, performing research in STEM and biomedical disciplines. The authors document student, faculty, and institutional outcomes as well as share best practices in forming community college-university partnerships. Future directions also are offered in the development and implementation of transdisciplinary, multi-institutional community college collaborations.

Review of the strategies employed in the school setting for the teaching of human nutrition / Revisión de las estrategias empleadas en el entorno escolar en la enseñanza de la nutrición humana

The main objective was to inquire about the strategies used in the school environment for the teaching of human nutrition. In addition, the existence of multidisciplinary proposals that can lead to significant learning, as well as the inclusion of the dimensions of attitude were verified. The methodological design consisted of a systematic review of studies published between 1999 and 2018, related to the theoretical reference and the type of didactic strategies that guide interventions in schoolchildren aimed at addressing the issue of human nutrition, as well as the possible difficulties that underlie them and the consequent influence on healthy lifestyles. The guidelines of EPPI-Centre were followed. In 45% of the articles reviewed an improvement was evident both in knowledge about nutrition and/or attitudes towards healthy lifestyle habits, as well as in the frequency of physical activity. Didactic proposals of diverse nature were evidenced, pointing to the protagonist role of children and adolescents and favoring their interaction through diverse strategies such as the use of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies), games, cooperative learning and curricular integration. Nutrition education should be incorporated into school curriculum starting in early years with the active participation of teachers, family members and other community professionals. In the pedagogical and didactic approach to human nutrition, a holistic vision is necessary; this can be achieved through multidisciplinary teaching.

El objetivo principal fue indagar sobre las estrategias utilizadas en el ámbito escolar para la enseñanza de la nutrición humana. Además, verificar la existencia de propuestas multidisciplinares que puedan conducir a aprendizajes significativos, así como la inclusión de la dimensión de las actitudes. El diseño metodológico consistió en una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados entre 1999 y 2018, relacionados con los referentes teóricos y el tipo de estrategias didácticas que orientan las intervenciones en escolares dirigidas a abordar el tema de la nutrición humana, así como las posibles dificultades que subyacen a ellas y la influencia en estilos de vida saludables. En el 45% de las investigaciones se observó una mejoría tanto en los conocimientos sobre nutrición y/o actitudes hacia hábitos de vida saludables, como en la frecuencia de la actividad física. Se evidenciaron propuestas didácticas que señalan el papel protagónico de niños y adolescentes, favoreciendo su interacción a través de estrategias como el uso de las TIC, el juego, el aprendizaje cooperativo y la integración curricular. La educación nutricional debe incorporarse al currículo escolar desde los primeros años con la participación activa de maestros, familiares y otros profesionales de la comunidad. En el enfoque pedagógico y didáctico de la nutrición humana, es necesaria una visión holística; esto se puede lograr a través de una propuesta de enseñanza de carácter multidisciplinar.

Aspectos de la cultura organizacional y su relación con la disposición al cambio organizacional / Aspects of organizational culture and its relation to the organizational change disposition

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre la cultura organizacional y la disposición al cambio organizacional. Se trata de una investigación empírica que, de acuerdo con el objetivo de investigación, responde a una estrategia asociativa, en un estudio predictivo desarrollado bajo un diseño correlacional simple. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 558 participantes de cuatro entidades de educación superior. Para la evaluación de las variables se emplearon la adaptación para Colombia del OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument) y la prueba Disposición al Cambio Organizacional. Los resultados mostraron relaciones significativas entre los factores y los tipos de cultura organizacional con las macro y microdimensiones de la disposición al cambio organizacional. También se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las instituciones en las dimensiones grupal y organizacional de la disposición al cambio, en el factor organizacional y en el tipo de cultura jerárquica. Se evidencia cómo la cultura organizacional se relaciona particularmente con aspectos organizacionales y la comunicación empresarial.

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between aspects of organizational culture and the disposition to organizational change. A quantitative, nonexperimental study was carried out under a comparative design; with a sample of 558 participants from four higher education institutions. The instruments used allowed the evaluation of the organizational culture -OCAI- and the willingness to change. The results showed significant relationships between the factors and the types of organizational culture with the macro and micro dimensions of the disposition to organizational change. Significant differences were also found between the institutions in the group and organizational dimensions of the disposition to change; in the organizational factor and the type of hierarchical culture. It is evident how the organizational culture is particularly related to organizational aspects and business communication.

CONTEXTUALIZING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM VIA REMOTE ACCESS: USING SPACE EXPLORATION THEMES AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AS TOOLS TO PROMOTE ENGAGEMENT IN GEOLOGY/CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENTS.

A multidisciplinary science experiment was performed in K-12 classrooms focusing on the interconnection between technology with geology and chemistry. The engagement and passion for science of over eight hundred students across twenty-one classrooms, utilizing a combination of hands-on activities using relationships between Earth and space rock studies, followed by a remote access session wherein students remotely employed the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to validate their findings was investigated. Participants represent predominantly low-income minority communities, with little exposure to the themes and equipment used, despite being freely available resources. Students indicated greatly increased interest in scientific practices and careers, as well as a better grasp of the content as a result of the lab and remote access coupling format.

Shift work and work- related stress symptoms in health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Medellín, Colombia: A cross-sectional study / Síntomas de estrés laboral y trabajo por turnos en trabajadores de la salud en una institución de tercer nivel en Medellín, Colombia: un estudio transversal

Abstract Background: Shift work is a very common characteristic in healthcare and has been associated with work-related stress. Objective: This study aimed to research about the relationship between current shift work and work-related stress symptoms presented in healthcare workers in a clinical setting in Medellin, Colombia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July in 2014. A total of 50.5 % of participants performed their work activities in rotating shifts and 49.5% worked only during the day. Most of the professionals who participated in the survey were nurses and administrative staff. Participants completed demographic, occupational and lifestyle questionnaire, and a self-reported work-related stress symptoms instrument. Results: The study sample consisted of 160 (80%) females and 40 (20%) males. The average age was 35.1 ± 9.1. Generally, no significant differences were found in relation to psychological and emotional symptoms of social, intellectual and occupational behavior in shift workers compared to daytime workers. In a stratified analysis, among the nurses and nursing assistants group, those engaging in shift work reported significantly lower/fewer physiological symptoms and higher/more intense psycho emotional symptoms than the daytime workers (p=0.030 and p=0.047 respectively). Conclusions: In the stratified analysis, this cross-sectional study found a difference in work-related stress between daytime workers and shift workers in regards to nurses and nursing assistants. It was noticed that nurses and nursing assistants engaging in shift work reported higher psycho emotional and lower physiological stress symptoms compared to their daytime working counterparts. Probably, this corresponds to the numerous job demands during shift working or the different coping mechanisms.

Resumen Antecedentes: El trabajo por turnos es una característica muy común en la asistencia sanitaria y se ha asociado con el estrés relacionado con el trabajo. Objetivo: En este estudio, se investigó la relación entre el trabajo por turnos actual y los síntomas de estrés relacionados con el trabajo entre los trabajadores de la salud de un entorno clínico en Medellín, Colombia. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre enero y julio de 2014. Un total de 50,5% de los participantes llevaban a cabo sus actividades de trabajo en turnos rotativos y 49,5% trabajaban sólo durante el día. La mayoría de los profesionales que completaron la encuesta eran enfermeras y personal administrativo. Los participantes completaron información demográfica ocupacional y acerca de su estilo de vida, y un instrumento de auto-reporte sobre síntomas de estrés relacionado con el trabajo. Resultados: La muestra del estudio consistió de 160 (80%) mujeres y 40 (20%) hombres. La edad media era de 35,1 ± 9,1. En general, no se observaron diferencias significativas en los síntomas emocionales, fisiológicos, de comportamiento social, intelectual y ocupacionales en los trabajadores por turnos en comparación con los trabajadores diurnos. En un análisis estratificado, en el grupo de enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería, quienes realizaban trabajo por turnos se observaron significativamente menores síntomas fisiológicos y emocionales y mayores síntomas psicoemocionales que los trabajadores de día (p = 0,030 y p = 0,047, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Este estudio transversal encontró una diferencia en el estrés relacionado con el trabajo entre los trabajadores por turnos y los trabajadores diurnos en el análisis estratificado y sólo para enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería. Se observó que las enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería que participan en el trabajo por turnos informaron de síntomas de estrés psicoemocionales más elevados mientras que los síntomas fisiológicos fueron más bajos en comparación con sus homólogos que laboraban durante el día. Esto podría ser debido a las diferentes demandas del trabajo entre los turnos o los diferentes mecanismos de afrontamiento.

Association between shift work and being overweight or obese among health care workers in a clinical setting in Medellin, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Shift work is common in health care settings and has been hypothesized as a risk factor for being overweight or obese. We examined the relation between shift work and being overweight or obese, adjusting for stress and lifestyle habits in Colombian health care workers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association between shift work and being overweight/obese in employees of a health care setting in Medellin, Colombia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 workers in a health care setting. Participants completed a demographic, occupational, work-related stress and life style questionnaire. Their Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio were also measured. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 160 (80%) females and 40 (20%) males. Mean age was 35.1±9.1 years and mean BMI was 25±3.9. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression revealed no statistically significant association between being overweight, being obese or waist to hip ratio and shift work; 95% CI OR: 1.08 (0.62-1.89), 1.33 (0.44-3.99) and 1.2 (0.8-1.9), respectively. Day workers were statistically more likely to smoke, work more hours, and have a higher educational level than shift workers. CONCLUSIONS: No significant associations between shift work and being overweight/obese were observed in health care workers in a Colombian setting. These findings need to be confirmed through longitudinal studies.

Cambios en las relaciones de trabajo: paradojas y consecuencias en el actual mundo del trabajo / Changes in work relationships: Paradoxes and consequences in the current world of work

El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar una reflexión conceptual orientada a comprender los cambios acontecidos en el mundo del trabajo en las últimas décadas, por ser estos trascendentales para analizar la relación persona-trabajo. Dichos cambios se guían al menos a través de tres tendencias: la competición, la tecnologización y la globalización. Se mencionan las paradojas del actual mercado(s) de trabajo, y se explicitan seis cambios concretos producto de las tendencias y las paradojas; entre estos se mencionan la precarización del trabajo y el cambio en el funcionamiento de las organizaciones; los cambios en las formas y manifestaciones del trabajo; el cambio en la forma de representarse el ser humano al respecto del trabajo; los cambios en los criterios para la inclusión (y exclusión) y mantenimiento en el mercado de trabajo y la responsabilización del sujeto al respecto de su empleabilidad; los cambios en la configuración de la subjetividad y el lugar que el trabajo ocupa en ella incluyendo el establecimiento del contrato psicológico, la construcción de la carrera, la identidad, y la forma de representarse la agencia; y por último los cambios en la forma de gestionar el recurso humano al interior de las organizaciones. Se concluye que el estudio e intervención sobre el actual mundo del trabajo, requiere salir de visiones lineales y de causa-efecto, para contar con análisis reflexivos e intervenciones más pertinentes y atinadas, dada la complejidad que reviste hoy en día el mundo del trabajo.

The aim of this paper is to make a conceptual analysis oriented to understand the changes occurring in the world of work in recent decades given that those changes are crucial to analyze the relationship between person and work. Such changes are driven by at least three trends: competition, technology and globalization. The paper makes a mention of the paradoxes of the current job market, and six specific changes are made explicit as a product of the above trends and paradoxes. Among the changes explained in the paper there are the rising of precarious jobs and the change in the organizations functioning; changes in the forms and manifestations of work; change in the way as human beings are represented with respect to the work; changes in the inclusion (and exclusion) criteria, stability in the labor market and the responsibility of every person about its employability; changes in the configuration of subjectivity and the place that the work occupies in such subjectivity, including the establishment of the psychological contract, the career construction, identity, and how to represent the agency; and finally the paper explains the changes in the way of managing human resources within organizations. We conclude that the study and intervention on the current world of work requires of leaving linear and cause-and-effect visions in order to consider thoughtful analysis and interventions more relevant and pertinent, given the complexity of nowadays world of work.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial en una industria alimenticia de la ciudad de Cali / Psychosocial Risk Factors in a Food Industry in the City of Cali / Fatores de risco psicossocial na indústria alimentaria da cidade de Cali

Objetivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los factores de riesgo psicosocial intralaboral y extralaboral, así como las manifestaciones físicas y psicológicas ligadas al estrés en el trabajo, en trabajadores de una industria alimenticia en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Método. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva con diseño transversal. La información se recolectó a través del cuestionario de riesgos biopsicosociales asociados a la accidentalidad de Rentería, Fernández, Tenjo y Uribe (2008); adaptado por Zúñiga y Uribe (2009) a la totalidad de los trabajadores (43 sujetos, 72% mujeres y 28% hombres). Resultados. Los resultados evidenciaron manifestaciones físicas y psicológicas asociadas al estrés en los trabajadores y se presumieron exposiciones a factores de riesgo psicosocial, específicamente, en las dimensiones de condiciones de trabajo, disponibilidad de recursos, gestión de los líderes, alta carga laboral, ausencia de programas de capacitación y salud ocupacional. Conclusiones. Los principales hallazgos de este trabajo sugieren que es fundamental que diferentes instancias académicas, profesionales y legales atiendan la salud laboral de las pequeñas industrias alimenticias, pues sus trabajadores parecen estar expuestos a diferentes tipos de riesgo psicosocial y carecen de medidas de prevención entorno al estrés laboral.

Objective. This article presents the results of the assessment of psychosocial risk factors within and outside the working environment, and the physical and psychological manifestations associated with job stress, conducted at a food industry in the city of Cali, Colombia. Method. Descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional research was carried out. Information was collected by means of the accident-related bio-psychosocial risk instrument developed by Renteria, Fernandez, Tenjo and Uribe (2008) and adapted by Zúñiga and Uribe (2009), which was applied to all employees (43 subjects 72% female, and 28% male), consisting of operational and administrative staff. Results. The results indicated stress-related manifestations of a physical and psychological nature among the workers, and what was seen to be exposure to psycho-social risk factors, especially with regard to working conditions, availability of resources, management on the part of their superiors, a heavy workload, and a lack of training and occupational health programs. Conclusion. These results support the call for academic, legal and other related institutions to attend to the need for occupational health care in food industries, which have been neglected in comparison with other economic sectors in the country, such as health and education, possibly because the social impact they generate is not as visible as the other two.

Escopo. O escopo de esta pesquisa foi avaliar os fatores do risco psicossocial intraloboral e extraboral, assim como as manifestações físicas e psicológicas ligadas ao stress no trabalho, nos trabalhadores de uma indústria alimentaria na cidade de Cali (Colômbia). Metodologia. Para isto, foi feita uma pesquisa descritiva com desenho transversal. A informação foi coletada através do questionário de riscos biopsicossociais associados à acidentalidade de Renteria, Fernández, Tenjo e Uribe (2008), adaptado por Zúñiga e Uribe (2009) à totalidade dos trabalhadores da empresa (43 sujeitos, 72% mulheres e 28% homens). Resultados. Os resultados evidenciaram manifestações físicas e psicológicas associadas ao stress nos trabalhadores e presumiram exposições a fatores de risco psicossocial, especificamente, nas dimensões de condições de trabalho, disponibilidade de recursos, gestão dos líderes, alta carga laboral, ausência de programas de capacitação e saúde ocupacional. Conclusão. As principais descobertas de este trabalho sugerem que é fundamental que diferentes instancias acadêmicas, profissionais e legais atendam a saúde laboral das pequenas industrias alimentarias, pois seus trabalhadores parecem estar expostos a diferentes tipos de risco psicossocial e carecem de medidas de prevenção em torno ao stress laboral.

Factores de riesgo psicosocial y compromiso (engagement) con el trabajo en una organización del sector salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia / Psychosocial risk factors and work (engagement) in a health care institution in the city of, Cali - Colombia / Fatores de risco psicossocial e compromisso com o trabalho em uma organização do setor da saúde na cidade de Cali na Colômbia

El presente artículo describe los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue evaluar e identificar la relación entre los Factores Psicosociales Intralaborales y la experiencia de Engagement en el trabajo, en una organización privada del sector salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Participaron 111 trabajadores. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral (Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2010) y la versión en español de la Encuesta de Bienestar y Trabajo (Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES)), elaborada por Shaufeli y Bakker (2003). El puntaje total en la evaluación de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial permite inferir que la organización se encuentra en un nivel de riesgo medio. Las dimensiones que indican un nivel de riesgo alto son: Demandas emocionales en el trabajo y Retroalimentación del desempeño. En la evaluación del Engagement se encontraron puntajes altos y medios en sus tres dimensiones (vigor, dedicación y absorción), mostrando relaciones estadísticamente significativas con los factores psicosociales: Control sobre el trabajo, Recompensas, y Liderazgo y relaciones sociales en el trabajo. Como conclusión, la investigación logró evidenciar relaciones significativas entre los Factores Psicosociales Intralaborales y la experiencia de Engagement en el trabajo, por lo cual se destaca la pertinencia de incluir la mirada de la Psicología Positiva en el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo y su impacto en la salud de los trabajadores.

This paper describes the results and conclusions of a research whose main objective was to assess and identify the relationship between psychosocial factors at work and the experience of work Engagement in a private health care institution of the city of Cali, Colombia. Participants were 111 workers involved in care and administrative positions. The Cuestionario de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral (Ministerio de la Protección Social, 2010). (Psycho-social risk factors at work Questionnaire) (Ministry of Social Protection, 2010) and the Spanish version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), developed by Shaufeli and Bakker (2003) were used. The total score in the assessment of Psychosocial Risk Factors at work for the entire organization showed a medium level of risk. The higher risk levels were found in the dimensions of emotional demands at work and performance feedback. In the assessment of work Engagement, high and average scores were found for the three domains of this construct (vigor, dedication, and absorption), showing statistically significant relationships with the psychosocial factors of Control over work, Rewards, and Leadership and Social Relationships. As a conclusion, this research showed statistically significant relationships between Psychosocial Factors and work Engagement. Therefore, the importance of including a Positive Psychology view on the study of work conditions and their impact on workers' health and quality of life is highlighted.

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi avaliar e identificar a relação entre os Fatores Psicossociais Intratrabalhistas e a experiência de Engagement no trabalho, em uma organização particular do setor da saúde da cidade de Cali na Colômbia. Participaram 111 trabalhadores. Utilizou-se o Questionário de Fatores de Risco Psicossocial Intralaboral (Ministério de Proteção Social, 2010) e a versão em espanhol da Pesquisa de Bem-estar e Trabalho (Utrech Work Engagement Scale (UWES)), elaborada por Shaufeli e Bakker (2003). A pontuação total na avaliação de Fatores de Risco Psicossocial permite inferir que a organização encontra-se em um nível de risco médio. As dimensões que indicam um nível de risco alto são: Demandas emocionais no trabalho e Retroalimentação do desempenho. Na avaliação do Engagement encontraram-se pontuações altas e médias em suas três dimensões (vigor, dedicação e absorção), mostrando relações estatisticamente significativas com os fatores psicossociais Controle sobre o trabalho, Recompensas, e Liderança e relações sociais no trabalho. Como conclusão, a pesquisa conseguiu evidenciar relações significativas entre os Fatores Psicossociais Intratrabalhistas e a experiência de Engagement no trabalho, pelo qual destaca-se pertinência de incluir o olhar da Psicologia Positiva no estudo das condições de trabalho e seu impacto na saúde dos trabalhadores.

Creando subjetividades laborales: implicaciones del discurso psicológico en el mundo del trabajo y las organizaciones / Criando subjetividades do trabalho: implicações do discurso psicológico no mundo do trabalho e as organizações / Creating work subjectivities: implications of the psychological discourse in the world of work and organizations

El presente documento tiene como propósito explorar aportes de la psicología crítica al entendimiento de las dinámicas que se mueven en el mundo del trabajo y las organizaciones, y algunas críticas que esta aporta a la psicología organizacional y del trabajo moderna. Para tal fin, se plantean algunos elementos conceptuales de base para clarificar la acepción al respecto del concepto subjetividad y las implicaciones de la psicología crítica; igualmente se exponen algunas reflexiones que explicitan las formas en que el discurso psicológico -reflejado además en prácticas- está embebido en el mundo del trabajo y las organizaciones, y que en gran medida contribuye a construir las subjetividades de personas que trabajan, y las relaciones que se establecen al interior de las organizaciones de trabajo.

O objetivo do presente documento é analisar as contribuições da psicologia crítica ao entendimento das dinâmicas envolvidas no mundo do trabalho e das organizações, assim como algumas críticas que tal ramo da psicologia fornece à psicologia organizacional e do trabalho moderno. Para tal fim, alguns elementos conceituais de base são propostos para esclarecer a acepção a respeito do conceito de subjetividade e as implicações da psicologia crítica; igualmente apresentam-se algumas reflexões que explicitam os modos como o discurso psicológico - representado ademais nas diferentes práticas - está embutido no mundo do trabalho e das organizações, e que, em grande medida, contribui à construção das subjetividades de pessoas que trabalham, assim como as relações que se estabelecem no interior das organizações de trabalho.

This paper aims to explore contributions of critical psychology for the understanding of the dynamics that take place in the world of work and organizations, and some reviews that this psychology makes to the organizational psychology and modern work. To this end, some basic conceptual elements are proposed to clarify the meaning of the subjectivity concept and the implications of the critical psychology. This paper also presents some thoughts that make explicit the ways in which psychological discourse -furthermore, reflected in the practice- is embedded in the world of work and organizations, and greatly contributes for building the subjectivities of the working people, and the relationships established within working organizations.

Empleabilidad en la economía informal, una investigación cualitativa con manicuristas de alta empleabilidad / Employability in the informal economy, a qualitative research with highly employable manicurists

Objetivo. El presente artículo es el reporte de una investigación cualitativa que explora los aspectos psicosociales relacionados con la alta empleabilidad en ocho manicuristas que trabajan en el mercado informal en la ciudad de Cali, así como las razones de inserción y mantenimiento en dicho mercado. Método. Se realizó un diseño de testimonio como narrativa, método y discurso, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas, analizadas a través de las técnicas: análisis de contenido y árbol de asociación de ideas. Resultados. Se encontró que el ingreso en el mercado informal se da por necesidades económicas, pero el mantenimiento en él se da por convicción (pese a otras posibilidades en el mercado formal). La alta empleabilidad de las participantes está relacionada con la identificación y satisfacción de las necesidades de los clientes que desbordan el arreglo de las uñas, la autoevaluación para mejorar la calidad de su trabajo, y el llevar a cabo estrategias de aprendizaje para seguir estando a la vanguardia en su oficio. Conclusiones. La alta empleabilidad de las manicuristas se relaciona -entre otros aspectos- con la capacidad de las participantes de responsabilizarse por su mantenimiento en el mercado de trabajo, a través de la realización de estrategias -conscientes o no- que incluyen su relación con los clientes, y el favorecimiento de su propio aprendizaje.

Objective. This article is the report of a qualitative study which explores the psychosocial aspects related to the high employability of eight manicurists who work in the informal sector in the city of Cali, together with the reasons for their inclusion and permanence in this market. Method. Semi-structured interviews, including narrative, methodological and discoursive aspects, and analyzed by content analysis techniques and a conceptual map were used. Results. It was found that entering the informal sector was due to financial necessity, but continuing in it was a result of conviction (in spite of other possibilities in the formal sector). The high employability of the participants is related to the identification and satisfaction of their clients, which goes beyond the painting of nails, self evaluation to improve the quality of their work, and developing learning strategies to continue at the forefront of their trade. Conclusions. The high employability of the manicurists is related - among other things - to the ability of the participants to take responsibility for their continuity in the labour market, by means of strategies - conscious or otherwise - which include good relationships with their clients and the benefit of their own ability to learn.

Escopo. O presente artigo e o relatório de uma pesquisa qualitativa que explora os aspetos psicossociais relacionados com a alta possibilidade de emprego em 8 manicuras que trabalham no mercado informal da cidade de Cali, assim como as razões da inserção e manutenção de este mercado. Metodologia. Foi feito um desenho de testemunho como narrativa, método e discurso, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, analisadas através das técnicas análise de conteúdo e árvore de associação de ideais. Resultados. Foi achado que o ingresso no mercado informal é provocado pelas necessidades econômicas mais a manutenção nele é provocada pela convicção (ainda as outras possibilidades no mercado formal). A alta possibilidade de emprego das participantes esta relacionada com a identificação e satisfação das necessidades dos clientes que transbordam o arrumo das unhas, a auto-avaliação para melhorar a qualidade de seu trabalho, e executar estratégias de aprendizagem para seguir estando à vanguarda em seu ofício. Conclusão. A alta possibilidade de emprego das manicuras esta relacionada -entre outros aspetos- com a capacidade das participantes de ser responsáveis por sua manutenção no mercado de trabalho, através da realização de estratégias -conscientes ou não- que incluem sua relação com os clientes, e o favorecimento de sua própria aprendizagem.

Pathological characteristics of BRCA-associated breast cancers in Hispanics.

The immunophenotype of BRCA-associated breast cancer has been studied in predominantly non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We evaluated the pathological characteristics of BRCA-associated invasive breast cancer in Hispanics. A case-control study was conducted on breast cancers from Hispanic and NHW women who enrolled in an IRB-approved registry and underwent BRCA gene analysis. BRCA negative controls (41 Hispanic, 39 NHW) were matched on age and ethnicity to BRCA positive cases (39 Hispanic, 35 NHW). A tissue array was constructed to characterize the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, Ki-67 and p53 by immunohistochemistry. Mean age at diagnosis was 37.1 years (range 24-59) for Hispanics (80% with Mexican ancestry) and 40.1 years (range 21-63) for NHW (P = 0.03). Hispanic BRCA1 cases were more likely than BRCA negative controls to have tumors that were ER-negative (P < 0.001) and PR-negative (P = 0.001), had higher levels of Ki-67 (P = 0.001) and p53 expression, and lower levels of HER2 overexpression. When stratified by genes, there were no significant differences in expression of ER, Ki-67, HER2, and p53 by ethnicity among mutation carriers. However, a significantly higher proportion of BRCA-positive Hispanics had PR-negative tumors compared to BRCA-positive NHW (80 vs. 57%, OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.1, P = 0.04). Hispanic BRCA-associated breast cancers were found to have the unique immunophenotype associated with BRCA mutations; however, there was a trend toward a difference in PR expression among Hispanic BRCA1 and BRCA2 cases. Additional research on the molecular mechanisms involved in the loss of PR in this population is warranted as it could have important implications for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer in Hispanics.

Salud laboral: investigaciones realizadas en Colombia / Occupational health: research carried out in Colombia

El presente documento muestra los resultados de una revisión documentalrealizada con 34 artículos (19 empíricos, 15 teóricos), relativos al tema salud laboral, llevados a cabo en Colombia y publicados, la mayoría, en revistas científicas colombianas a partir de los años 90. Tiene como objetivos dar cuenta de manera general sobre las temáticas relacionadas con la salud laboral, que se han investigado en los últimos años en Colombia, y evidenciar la relevancia que tiene, dentro del estudio de este tema, la investigación e intervención desde las Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud. Se encontró que existe un desarrollo lento, respecto a otros países, en investigaciones sobre el tema, pero que refleja la influencia de las nuevas tendencias del trabajo en la temática. Se concluye que debe promoverse la realización de una investigación que contemple metodologías mixtas y de corte longitudinal para una mayor comprensión de los fenómenos, así como fortalecer la conexión entre la academia y las organizaciones a fin de realizar investigaciones que den soluciones a problemáticas específicas de la relación salud-trabajo.

This document shows the results obtained in a document review completed with34 articles (19 empirical and 15 theoretical), related to Occupational Health, whichwere written in Colombia. Most of them were published in Colombian scientificjournals since the 90s. The purposes of this article are to show in a generalway, the subjects related with Occupational Health that have been investigatedin Colombia recently, and also, to stand out the importance that they have onOccupational Health for social sciences and health research and intervention. As aresult, it is found a slow development in Occupational Health research, comparedto other countries. As a conclusion, it is necessary to promote the research withcombined and time extended methodologies, to achieve a bigger understandingof the phenomenon, as well as to strengthen the connection between the academyand the organizations in order to do right investigations that give solutions tospecific problematic issues related to Occupational Health.

O presente documento amostra os resultados de uma revisão documentáriarealizada com 34 artigos (19 empíricos, 15 teóricos) relativos ao tema saúdetrabalhista, levados a cabo na Colômbia e publicados na sua maioria em revistascientíficas colombianas a partir dos anos 90s. Tem como objetivos dar contade maneira geral sobre as temáticas relacionadas com saúde trabalhista quese averiguaram nos últimos anos na Colômbia, e evidenciar a relevância quetem dentro do estudo deste tema a investigação e intervenção desde as ciênciassociais e da saúde. Se encontrou que existe um desenvolvimento lento respeitoa outros países em investigações sobre o tema, mas que reflete a influência dasnovas tendências do trabalho na temática. Se conclui que deve promoverse arealização de pesquisa que contemple metodologias mistas e estendidas no tempopara uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos, assim como fortalecer a conexãoentre a academia e as organizações para realizar investigações atinadas que dêemsoluções a problemáticas específicas da relação saúde-trabalho.