[Evaluation and determinants of pain in patients hospitalized for cancer]. / Ocena i uwarunkowania bólu u hospitalizowanych z powodu choroby nowotworowej.

Pain is a symptom that occurs in almost every third person at the time of diagnosis of cancer. Its intensity and frequency increases with the progression of the disease. AIM: The aim of the studywas to determine of pain conditions in patients treated for cancer during oncological treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 229 randomly selected patients hospitalized at Fr. B. Markiewicz Specialist Hospital of the Podkarpacki Oncological Center in Brzozów. The method of the diagnostic survey and the technique of the survey were used. The research tools were the author's questionnaire and the numerical rating scale NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). The statistical analysis used the following tests: U Mann Whitney and symmetric measures Phi and V Kramer based on the chi-square test. The statistical significance level p≤0.05 was assumed. RESULTS: The incidence of pain resulting from neoplastic disease, treatment and the consequences of the disease was declared by 61,6% of patients. The mean severity of pain in patients was 3.38. Middleaged pain was reported by 55.3% of patients. Low level pain occurred in almost every third patient (31.9%) and in severe form in 12.8% of patients. The most frequent places of pain were abdominal cavity, osteoarticular system and head. Painkillers were taken by 59.4% of patients and mainly were drugs from the first stage of analgesic ladder, among them Paracetamol. Morphine - every tenth patient took the drug of the third grade of the analgesic ladder. The pain was not affected by education, age, sex, marital status, place of residence and self-assessment of functioning in everyday life. Patients suffering from pain assessed their health better. CONCLUSIONS: Most individuals with cancer suffered from pain and painkillers, mainly from the first degree of analgesic ladder. The occurrence of pain was not differentiated as for socio-demographic variables. The treatment method was associated with the sensation of pain, the experience of which influenced the self-assessment of health. Pain is a threat to the quality of life and significantly affects the treatment process. Relief and elimination of pain is a priority in the care and treatment of cancer patients.

[Obesity, overweight as main risk factors of cancer in Sanok's county population]. / Otylosc i nadwaga czynnikami ryzyka chorób nowotworowych w populacji mieszkanców powiatu sanockiego.

Weight disorder such as obesity and overweight are an significant risk factor in cancer development. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine an obesity and overweight in cancer prevention among the population of Sanok's county. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted in 157 residents of Sanok's county in 2015 yrs. A method of diagnostic survey and conventional survey was used. The main research tool was a selfmade survey. In the evaluation of statistical significance we have accepted the level of p<0,05. RESULTS: Almost half of the respondents of the survey declared doing sport regularly and most of them were young people with higher education. Almost half of the responders had good BMI, one third was overweight and one tenth was obese. The latter weight disorder was mostly common among men and people with vocational and primary education. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factor of cancer in the study group were: overweight, obesity and low level of physical activity. Age, sex and place of residence conditioned the level of physical activity and up keeping proper body weight. These studies require constant increase of awareness in the area of physical activity and maintaining proper body weight.

[Low level of physical activity as main risk factor of cancer in Sanok's county population]. / Niska aktywnosc fizyczna czynnikiem ryzyka chorób nowotworowych w populacji mieszkanców powiatu sanockiego.

Physical activity is a key component of a healthy lifestyle. The data of WHO conclude that little physical activity is the fourth key risk factor of premature death. Weight disorder such as obesity and overweight are an significant risk factor in cancer development. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine physical activity in cancer prevention among the population of Sanok's county. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study covered a group 157 residents of Sanok's county in 2015. A method of diagnostic survey and conventional survey was used. The main research tool was a selfmade survey. The p values p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Almost half of the respondents of the survey declared doing sport regularly and most of them were young people with higher education. The preferred form of physical activity among the survey group was jogging. Only one third of surveyed people declared regular physical activity. The responders usually evaluated their level of physical activity as medium. The main reasons for physical activity were: achieving better wellbeing and maintaining good physical condition, whereas laziness and lack of time were the main reasons of the lack of physical activity. Responders most often spend from 30-90 minutes on working out on their workout days. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factor of cancer in the study group were physical activity. Age, sex and place of residence conditioned the level of physical activity and up keeping proper body weight. These studies require constant increase of awareness in the area of physical activity.