Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Eosinophils , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Humans , Eosinophils/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/blood , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Leukocyte Count , Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Potentially deadly drug rashes include Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and drug-induced vasculitis. Differentiating them can be a challenge. Factors to consider include timing of rash to drug exposure, rash distribution and clinical appearance, and the presence of systemic features such as mucosal involvement, organ failure, or eosinophilia. Various scoring systems aid in the diagnosis, but skin biopsy is the gold standard. Prompt identification and withdrawal of the suspected offending agent are the crucial first steps in management.
Subject(s)
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis , Exanthema , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome , Humans , Skin/pathology , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/diagnosis , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/therapy , Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis/diagnosis , Exanthema/diagnosis , Exanthema/etiology , Exanthema/pathologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to determine if a correlation exists between socioeconomic status (SES) and pyloric stenosis (PS) as well as between PS and feeding method. METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic medical record. Patients were included if they resided in a county in Illinois where our institution maintains >10% visit share, wereâ¯<â¯1â¯year in age, and received a pyloromyotomy from January 2011 to May 2018. Patient addresses were geocoded and merged with county and tract-level census data. A control group was matched on gender, race, tract level, median household income (MHI), and age. Feeding method for each group was collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate analyses were employed. RESULTS: SES was explored using MHI. After controlling for gender, age, race, and institution adjusted tract size, the association between MHI and pyloromyotomy remained significant. As MHI decreased, the odds of having a PS case increased. Additionally, the PS incidence rate increased as MHI decreased. Patients who were exclusively formula fed were more likely to have PS. CONCLUSION: Pyloric stenosis had a direct correlation with SES as defined by MHI. As MHI decreased, the rates of PS increased. In addition, breastfeeding was protective, independent of MHI. TYPE OF STUDY: Prognosis study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.
Subject(s)
Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Income , Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data , Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Illinois/epidemiology , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic/surgery , Pyloromyotomy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The concerted action of multiple genes in a time-dependent manner controls complex cellular phenotypes, yet the temporal regulation of gene expressions is restricted on a single-gene level, which limits our ability to control higher-order gene networks and understand the consequences of multiplex genetic perturbations. Here we developed a system for temporal regulation of multiple genes. This system combines the simplicity of CRISPR/Cas9 activators for orthogonal targeting of multiple genes and the orthogonality of chemically induced dimerizing (CID) proteins for temporal control of CRISPR/Cas9 activator function. In human cells, these transcription activators exerted simultaneous activation of multiple genes and orthogonal regulation of different genes in a ligand-dependent manner with minimal background. We envision that our system will enable the perturbation of higher-order gene networks with high temporal resolution and accelerate our understanding of gene-gene interactions in a complex biological setting.
