The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on Job Satisfaction and Professional Burnout among Nurses in Urology Departments.

(1) Background: Job satisfaction and professional burnout directly impact human life, depending on various professional, non-professional, and private determinants. Nurses, in particular, are highly susceptible to experiencing professional burnout, which, when combined with job satisfaction, significantly affects the quality of their services. This study aimed to assess the level of job satisfaction and job burnout among nurses working in urology departments, as well as the impact of sociodemographic factors. (2) Methods: The study involved 130 nurses working in urology departments in Poland. Researchers conducted an anonymous questionnaire comprising a sociodemographic section and two standardized questionnaires: the Link Burnout Questionnaire (LBQ) and the Scale of Job Satisfaction (SSP). (3) Results: The study group demonstrated an average level of job satisfaction (17.23 points) and an average level of professional burnout, indicating potential symptoms of professional burnout such as psychophysical exhaustion (22.29 points), lack of commitment to patient relationships (20.02 points), feelings of professional ineffectiveness (17.37 points), and disappointment (19.66 points). (4) Conclusions: The levels of job satisfaction and professional burnout among nurses in urology departments are comparable to those in other departments and countries. Medical facilities should take into account factors influencing job satisfaction and the risk of professional burnout when addressing employment conditions.

The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors on the Rationing of Nursing Care in Urology Wards.

BACKGROUND: The problem of care rationing is widespread all over the world and results from many factors affecting nurses. These factors may result from the environment in which the nurses work, e.g., the atmosphere at work, or may not be related to work, e.g., place of residence. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of sociodemographic factors (place of residence, satisfaction with the financial situation, number of forms of postgraduate education, work system, number of patients per nurse, number of diseases) on care rationing, job satisfaction and quality of nursing care. METHODS: The study is a cross-sectional study which includes 130 nurses from all over Poland who work in urology wards. The criteria for inclusion were consent to the examination, practicing the profession of a nurse, work in the urology department and work experience of at least 6 months, regardless of the number of hours worked (full-time/part-time). The study was conducted using the standardized PIRNCA (Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care) questionnaire. RESULTS: The average rationing nursing care was 1.11/3 points which means nursing care was rarely rationed. The average job satisfaction was 5.95/10 points, and the assessment of the quality of patient care was 6.88/10 points, which means a medium level of the job satisfaction and the quality of patient care. The rationing of care was affected by the number of nurse illnesses; job satisfaction was influenced by the place of residence and satisfaction with the financial situation, while the quality of care was not influenced by any of the analyzed factors. CONCLUSIONS: The result of care rationing is at a similar level as the results in Poland and abroad. Despite the rare rationing of care, employers should take corrective action, especially in terms of increasing the staff and health prevention of nurses.

Rationing Care, Job Satisfaction, Fatigue and the Level of Professional Burnout of Nurses in Urology Departments.

The problem of rationing nursing care is common and present all over the world, which is a direct threat to the health and life of patients. The aim of the study was to assess the level of rationing care, fatigue, job satisfaction and occupational burnout and to assess the relationship between them and age, length of service and the number of jobs. A survey was performed among 130 Polish nurses in urology departments using the following questionnaires: Link Burnout Questionnaire, Job Satisfaction Scale, Nursing Care Rationing Scale and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. Nursing care is rarely rationed-1.11 points; the experience of fatigue ranges between sometimes and often-52.58 points; and job satisfaction is at an average level-17.23 points. The level of rationing nursing care in urology departments is similar to that in other departments. This requires minor changes to the work of nurses to reduce the workload. Employers should develop implementation programs for young workers in order to avoid burnout and also invest in factors increasing nurses' satisfaction, such as the atmosphere at work.

Persuasive linguistic tricks in social media marketing communication-The memetic approach.

The paper reports the results of a study into the use of linguistic cues defined as Persuasive Linguistic Tricks (PLT) in social media (SM) marketing communication. It was assumed that the content shared on Social Networking Sites (SNS) could be perceived as specific sets of meanings (memeplexes), where a single component, also PLT, may function as their part. Following an original typology of PLT, created based on an emotional factor, the research focused on whether and how the number of positive, neutral and negative PLT used in Facebook posts impacted the behaviour of content recipients. These activities, including liking, commenting and sharing, are strictly connected with post spreading and range. The data analysis focused on 167 Facebook posts shared by five leading Polish travel agencies and 1911 responding comments. The quantitative content analysis method and Spearman's correlation tests were used. A relationship was observed between the number of emotionally positive and neutral PLT and the increase in the range of content with these PLT. The use of PLT by post recipients was also observed in their comments. This phenomenon is possibly related to the memetic nature of PLT. From the perspective of marketing messages, the obtained results contribute to and guide the textual content-building with a high spreading potential owing to the memetic capability of PLT. Further elaborations were made on the assumption for the evolutionary approach in social media content transfer and its processing.

Cities of the future-bionic systems of new urban environment.

The concepts of the cities we know nowadays, and which we are accustomed to, change at a very rapid pace. The philosophy of their design is also changing. It will base on new standards, entering a completely different, futuristic dimension. This stage is related to changes in the perception of space, location and lack of belonging to definite, national or cultural structures. Cities of the future are cities primarily intelligent, zero-energetic, zero-waste, environmentally sustainable, self-sufficient in terms of both organic food production and symbiosis between the environment and industry. New cities will be able to have new organisational structures-either city states, or, apolitical, jigsaw-like structures that can change their position-like in the case of the city of Artisanopolis, designed as a floating city, close to the land, reminiscent of the legendary Atlantis. This paper is focused on the main issues connected with problems of the contemporary city planning. The purpose of the research was to identify existing technological solutions, whose aim is to use solar energy and urban greenery. The studies were based on literature related to future city development issues and futuristic projects of the architects and city planners. In the paper, the following issues have been verified: futuristic cities and districts, and original bionic buildings, both residential and industrial. The results of the analysis have been presented in a tabular form.

Family delivery from the standpoint of fathers--can stereotypes of participant or non-participant father be fully justified?

OBJECTIVES: Family delivery is an important aspect of modern obstetrics. The aim of this study was to estimate the phenomenon of family delivery from the standpoint of participating and non-participating fathers. STUDY DESIGN: Two types of questionnaires were used in the study. Five hundred and five men were divided into two groups: (A) delivery participants and (B) delivery non-participants. RESULTS: The participants were significantly younger than non-participants. Better educated men dominated in group (A), whereas men with trade education were the majority in group (B). Low birth classes attendance among women in group (B) was noticed. All men in group (B) knew about the possibility of taking part in the delivery. Almost 100% of participants declared their satisfaction with family delivery. For non-participants, wife and media were the main source of knowledge, while for participants it was the medical staff and labor schools. CONCLUSIONS: Family labor is commonly accepted by both partners and is generally connected with positive emotions. This phenomenon is generally approved by couples with higher economical status. Family labor resignation, common among pairs with lower economical status, is caused generally by fear and lack of proper knowledge. Health care providers, through labor schools and outpatients visits, should concentrate on getting to couples, whose attitude towards family labor is negative. Educational programs and popular press articles should be prepared more thoroughly, focusing on the whole population of potential fathers.

[Comparative analysis of labor in twin pregnancies in years 1987-91 and 1997-2001]. / Analiza porównawcza prowadzenia porodu w ciazy blizniaczej w okresie 1987-91 i 1997-2001.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the course of twin pregnancy deliveries with particular regard to parity, the way of pregnancy termination, indications for cesarean section and sterility treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studied material consisted of two groups of patients who gave birth to twins in our clinic: the first one of 62 women in years 1997-2001 and the second group of 92 women in years 1987-1991. The average age of patients was 29.4 vs 28.7 respectively. RESULTS: There were 48.3% of primiparas in the first group, comparing to 44.5% in the second. The average time of pregnancy termination was 35 vs 35.97 Hbd respectively. Premature labours contributed to 80.6% vs 52% of all cases, which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Obstetrical procedures were applied in 6.5% vs 25% of cases respectively (p = 0.003). The indications for cesarean section have changed in regard to the position of the second fetus (when first in cephalic longitudinal lie, second in other than cephalic) and therefore contributed to 78.5% of cases in first and only 12.5% in second group. Thus the application of obstetrical procedures on the second fetus decreased to 18.2% vs 63% (p=0.002). In both groups cesarean sections were most often performed when the position of the first fetus was other than cephalic. In both groups the mediana of Apgar score of the second twin was lower than of the first. But the number of stillborns and general neonatal deaths significantly decreased over the years (0.8% and 2.4% vs 4.9% and 5.36%). Comparing both studied groups, the rate of the twin pregnancy after sterility treatment is rising: 16% vs 7.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The significance of the second twin position as an indication for cesarean delivery has risen over the years, thereby displacing the use of obstetrical procedures in those cases. In spite of earlier pregnancy termination and higher premature labour rate, there is a significant drop in the number of stillborns and neonatal deaths. In the age of infertility treatment, the number of twin pregnancy is rising.

[Assessment of mothers' knowledge about breastfeeding]. / Ocena znajomosci zagadnien zwiazanych z karmieniem piersia wsród poloznic.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of problems referring to breastfeeding among women in childbirth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on a questionnaire, which consisted of 20 questions with multiple choice answers. 108 women in puerperium were surveyed-54 in the Obstetrical Ward in Puck and the same number in the I Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Warsaw. The results were analysed according to age, education and attendance to labour school. Statistical analysis was performed afterwards. RESULTS: For all the surveyed women, breastfeeding is a natural need and an important element of the emotional bond with a newborn. For 78.7% of the women questioned, the priority of breastfeeding was the health of their baby, 16.7% point to the advantages of the optimal composition of human milk, 37% of mothers found breastfeeding convenient. On the other hand, 37% consider artificial milk only a substitute. For 60% of women magazines were the source of education, books 53.7%, acquaintances and family 32.4%. Only a small percentage (24.1%) of women took advantage of labour classes, although it is an extremely successful method of teaching. 17.6% of women were not looking for any information about breastfeeding during the pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in preferences and level of knowledge between women from big and small centre were shown, although there was no difference in access to it. Magazines and books, not medical staff, were the most popular source of information. The level of knowledge depends on education and labour class attendance. It seems that the system of lactational guidance should be extended on obstetrical wards, concentrating especially on women with poorest education.