ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from the Republic of Georgia, part of the former Soviet Union. Thirty-two non-duplicate MRSA isolates were collected in the period from May 2006 to February 2007. The patient data were analysed and the isolates were characterised by staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, staphylococcal chromosome cassette mec (SCCmec) typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and the detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. Only two closely related spa types were found; 29 isolates were of spa type 459 and three were t030. The spa types belonged to sequence type (ST) 239, clonal complex (CC) 8. All isolates were multiresistant, PVL-negative and harboured SCCmec type IIIA. Based on the molecular findings and PFGE, the isolates most closely resembled the pandemic Brazilian clone (ST239-IIIA).
Subject(s)
Methicillin Resistance , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Brazil , Clone Cells , Georgia (Republic) , Hospitals , Humans , Methicillin/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsSubject(s)
Alcaligenes/isolation & purification , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Aortitis/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Prosthesis-Related Infections/diagnosis , Aortitis/drug therapy , Aortitis/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/drug therapy , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/microbiology , Prosthesis-Related Infections/drug therapy , Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
Any massive surgical intervention, especially cardiovascular surgery creates high risk for the development of hospital infections. Hospital pneumonia is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency and etiology of hospital pneumonia following cardiac surgery in children and to find out whether the emergency operations and reoperations increase the frequency of hospital pneumonia. We studied 355 patients in Jo Ann Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Clinic, who were operated in the period from January 2002 till December 2004. The age of the patients varied from 1 day to 18 years. Out of 355 operations 290 were primary ones, 65 reoperations. In 320 cases the operations were planed, 35 cases-emergency ones. Out of 355 patients, hospital infection occurred in 42 (11,9%) cases. The most common infectious complication was pneumonia that made up 18 cases (5,1%). In 77,8% of cases pneumonia was associated with mechanical ventilation. Hospital pneumonia in 60% were caused by gram-negative, in 20% -- by gram-positive bacteria and in 20% -- by fungi. The most frequent gram-negative bacterium were nonfermenter gram-negative rods, among these pathogens Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was the most common and the most frequent gram-positive bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus. All three cases of fungal pneumonia were caused by Aspergillus spp. The rate of hospital pneumonia was significantly higher in the cases of emergency operations as well as reoperations.
