ABSTRACT
Introduction: Maternal infections can affect the placenta, which acts as a fetomaternal barrier. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of morphologic alterations in the placentas of pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact on fetal or neonatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective case-control study. One hundred SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women and an equal number of SARS CoV-2 negative pregnant women in their third trimester who delivered at our tertiary care center between December 2020 and November 2021 were enrolled in the study. This study was conducted at the end of the first wave and during the second COVID-19 wave. Histopathological examination of the placentas was done using Amsterdam consensus criteria. We observed for evidence of maternal vascular malperfusion [MVM], fetal vascular malperfusion, and inflammation in the placenta. Results: The clinical findings were compared between the cases and controls. Evidence of MVM was seen in comparable numbers between the cases and controls, but as it involved less than 30% of the placental disc, it was considered an insignificant finding. Deciduitis was seen in equal proportions in both groups. The comparison between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups failed to show any difference in placental pathology between both groups. There was no adverse fetal outcome seen in the pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: Placental injury at the microscopic level was observed but was neither significant nor specific to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS CoV-2 infection did not influence the placental pathology. Also, no adverse neonatal outcomes were observed.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Placenta/blood supply , Placenta/pathology , Case-Control Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Hospitals , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathologyABSTRACT
Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is a very rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which implantation occurs at the site of the previous cesarean scar with low or absent beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. It has various differential diagnoses on gross and microscopic examination. A delay in the identification and management of this condition may lead to life-threatening complications. Here, we discuss the incidence and clinicopathological features of chronic CSEP, its types, and differential diagnoses.
Subject(s)
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease , Pregnancy, Ectopic , Cesarean Section/adverse effects , Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human , Cicatrix/complications , Female , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/complications , Gestational Trophoblastic Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis , Pregnancy, Ectopic/etiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The process of audit standardizes protocols in departments and has long-term benefits. Maternal autopsies though routinely performed, deserve a special attention. AIMS: This study was carried out to calculate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in a tertiary care hospital and to correlate final cause of death with the clinical diagnosis. An audit of maternal autopsies was carried out to evaluate current practices, identify fallacies and suggest corrective measures to rectify them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine autopsies of maternal deaths in the period 2003 to 2007 were studied in detail along with the clinical details. RESULTS: There were 158 maternal deaths and 13940 live births in this five-year period. Maternal mortality rate was found to be very high (1133/ 100000 live births) in our institution with a high number of complicated referral cases (68/89 cases, 76%). Of the 89 autopsies, acute fulminant viral hepatitis was the commonest cause of indirect maternal deaths (37 cases, 41.5%). This was followed by direct causes like pregnancy-induced hypertension (12 cases, 13.4%) and puerperal sepsis (10 cases, 11.2%). Certain fallacies were noted during the audit process. CONCLUSION: During the audit it was realized that in maternal mortality autopsies, special emphasis should be given to clinicopathologic correlation, microbiological studies, identification of thromboembolic phenomenon and adequate sectioning of relevant organs. We found difficulty in identification of placental bed in the uterus in postpartum autopsies. A systematic approach can help us for better understanding of the pathophysiology of diseases occurring in pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Autopsy/statistics & numerical data , Cause of Death , Maternal Mortality , Pregnancy Complications/pathology , Autopsy/methods , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Medical Audit , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Quality of Health Care , Referral and Consultation , Retrospective StudiesSubject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/pathology , Fallopian Tubes/pathology , Biopsy, Needle , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/complications , Fallopian Tube Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Humans , Hysterectomy , Metaplasia/pathology , Middle Aged , ProlapseABSTRACT
Ectopic pregnancy is an increasingly important health problem. We report a rare ovarian ectopic pregnancy which was diagnosed clinically and confirmed pathologically.
