ABSTRACT
Two calling melodies of Polish were investigated, the routine call, used to call someone for an everyday reason, and the urgent call, which conveys disapproval of the addressee's actions. A Discourse Completion Task was used to elicit the two melodies from Polish speakers using twelve names from one to four syllables long; there were three names per syllable count, and speakers produced three tokens of each name with each melody. The results, based on eleven speakers, show that the routine calling melody consists of a low F0 stretch followed by a rise-fall-rise; the urgent calling melody, on the other hand, is a simple rise-fall. Systematic differences were found in the scaling and alignment of tonal targets: the routine call showed late alignment of the accentual pitch peak, and in most instances lower scaling of targets. The accented vowel was also affected, being overall louder in the urgent call. Based on the data and comparisons with other Polish melodies, we analyze the routine call as LH* !H-H% and the urgent call as H* L-L%. We discuss the results and our analysis in light of recent findings on calling melodies in other languages, and explore their repercussions for intonational phonology and the modeling of intonation.
Subject(s)
Language , Phonation/physiology , Phonetics , Pitch Perception/physiology , Telephone/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Poland , Sound Spectrography , Speech Acoustics , Speech Production Measurement , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine parameters of the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) waveforms in the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) coefficients domain important in more precise clinical assessment of the recordings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 102 normal PERG recordings were studied in two age groups (< or = 50 years, > 50 years). Continuous wavelet transform analysis was performed using the MatLab 7.0 software. Various wavelets were used in the experiments. Mother wavelets selection was optimized with the criterion based on minimal scatter of the results for normal PERG waveforms. RESULTS: Comparison with traditional, time-domain based analysis showed that determining the PERG parameters in CWT domain was achieved with better accuracy. Normal values for the test showed much less scatter. It was shown on some clinical examples (glaucomatous patients) that the sensitivity of the test was improved. CONCLUSIONS: The CWT-based method of the PERG signal analysis is useful in clinical differentiation between normal and abnormal waveforms, particularly in objective early detection of glaucoma.
