ABSTRACT
Buruli ulcer, the third most common mycobacterial disease worldwide, rarely affects travelers and is uncommon in the United States. We report a travel-associated case imported from Australia and review 3 previous cases diagnosed and treated in the United States. The differential diagnoses for unusual chronic cutaneous ulcers and those nonresponsive to conventional therapy should include Mycobacterium ulcerans infection.
Subject(s)
Buruli Ulcer/transmission , Mycobacterium ulcerans/isolation & purification , Adult , Australia , Buruli Ulcer/diagnosis , Buruli Ulcer/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Missouri , Travel , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Melanoma is an increasingly common and potentially fatal malignancy of the skin and some mucous membranes. Early detection and diagnosis based on patient or primary care physician awareness can potentially reduce both related morbidity and mortality. This article will detail a basic clinical approach to pigmented skin lesions followed by a discussion of pathologic analysis and staging.
Subject(s)
Melanoma/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Early Diagnosis , Humans , Incidence , Melanoma/epidemiology , Missouri/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques , Neoplasm Staging , Pathology, Clinical/methods , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Ultraviolet (UV) light is absorbed by cellular proteins and DNA, promoting skin damage, aging and cancer. In this paper, we explore the UV response by cells of the Drosophila retina. We demonstrate that the retina enters a period of heightened UV sensitivity in the young developing pupa, a stage closely associated with its period of normal developmental programmed cell death. Injury to irradiated cells included morphology changes and apoptotic cell death; these defects could be completely accounted for by DNA damage. Cell death, but not morphological changes, was blocked by the caspase inhibitor P35. Utilizing genetic and microarray data, we provide evidence for the central role of Hid expression and for Diap1 protein stability in controlling the UV response. In contrast, we found that Reaper had no effect on UV sensitivity. Surprisingly, Dmp53 is required to protect cells from UV-mediated cell death, an effect attributed to its role in DNA repair. These in vivo results demonstrate that the cellular effects of DNA damage depend on the developmental status of the tissue.
