Violencia laboral, contexto social y subjetividad / Violence at work, social context and subjectivity

Desarrollos teóricos han definido a la sociedad actual como sociedad del cansancio en la que el sujeto se violenta a sí mismo (Han, 2015), experimentando como forma de existencia un vacío de sentido (Frankl, 1991), en una sobremodernidad de hiperaceleración, individualismo de consumo y pérdida del sentido (Auge, 1993). Al adquirir el mundo del trabajo una dimensión relevante en la constitución del psiquisimo, la categoría de la intersubjetividad ­y como especial modo de configurarse la violencia laboral -juega un rol decisivo en las vivencias de bienestar o sufrimiento laboral, sentido o sinsentido en el trabajo, como construcción intra e intersubjetiva de los proyectos de vida laborales de los sujetos. (Pérez Jáuregui, 2015, 2017, 2018). En esta línea de pensamiento se ha conceptualizado a la violencia laboral como una de las temáticas relevantes a ser considerada desde distintas disciplinas científicas, debido a su lugar actual, abordada en la complejidad de su construcción y sentido. Este artículo analiza dicha problemática en el mundo del trabajo y de las organizaciones del contexto actual, desde un enfoque fenomenológico-existencial, integrando la lectura descriptiva fenomenológica y la hermenéutica del sentido existencial. La autora dirige una investigación sobre "Proyectos de Vida y Liderazgos" en el marco del Departamento de Investigaciones (UCES), integrando diversos niveles de análisis: el individual (referido a la estructuración subjetiva del sujeto), el grupal (la dinámica y tipo de interacción con otros sujetos en el mundo laboral) y el organizacional/social (cultura, valores y rasgos predominantes en el contexto social)En dicha investigación se pone especial énfasis en evaluar el interjuego de estas variables en las modalidades de construcción de proyectos de vida laborales. Los proyectos de vida laborales como constructo teórico pueden ser abordados empíricamente a través de indicadores de rasgos centrales en el establecimiento de intersubjetividades, en los que la problemática de la violencia laboral juega un papel significativo generador de sufrimiento en las subjetividades implicadas. Este artículo expone el marco conceptual que le da soporte de referencia a la investigación en curso, profundizando en un aspecto particular de la misma, la violencia laboral en el mundo cotidiano, analizada desde las lecturas: 1. Informativa, descriptiva (fenomenológica), 2. Interpretativa (Hermenéutica del sentido) y 3. Mayéutica (Saurí, 1982)(AU)

Theoretical developments have defined today's society as a society of fatigue in which the subject violates himself (Han, 2015) , experiencing as a form of existence a void of meaning (Frankl, 1991). When the world of work acquires a relevant dimension in the constitution of the psyche, the category of intersubjectivity - and in it the workplace violence - plays a decisive role in the experiences of well-being or labor suffering, meaning or nonsense at work, as construction intra and intersubjective of the work life projects of the subjects. (Pérez Jáuregui, 2015, 2017, 2018). In this line of thinking, workplace violence has been conceptualized as one of the relevant topics to be considered from different scientific disciplines, due to its current place, addressed in the complexity of its construction and meaning. This article analyzes this problem in the world of work and organizations in the current context, from a phenomenological-existential approach, integrating the phenomenological descriptive reading and the hermeneutics of meaning. The author directs an investigation on "Life and Leadership Projects" within the framework of the Research Department (UCES), integrating various levels of analysis: the individual (referring to the subjective structuring of the subject), the group (the dynamics and type of interaction with other subjects in the labor world) and the organizational / social (culture, values and predominant features in the social context). In this research, special emphasis is placed on evaluating the interplay of these variables in the modalities of construction of work life projects, in which the problem of workplace violence plays a significant role generating suffering in the subjectivities involved. This article exposes the conceptual framework that gives reference support to ongoing research, deepening in a particular aspect of it, labor violence in the everyday world, analyzed from two readings: 1. Informative, descriptive (phenomenological), 2. Interpretive (Hermeneutics of meaning) 3. Mayéutica. (Saurí, 1982)(AU)

Differential involvement of RASSF2 hypermethylation in breast cancer subtypes and their prognosis.

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into clinical, histopathological and molecular subtypes (luminal A-like, luminal B-like/HER2-negative, luminal B-like/HER2-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative). The study of new molecular factors is essential to obtain further insights into the mechanisms involved in the tumorigenesis of each tumor subtype. RASSF2 is a gene that is hypermethylated in breast cancer and whose clinical value has not been previously studied. The hypermethylation of RASSF1 and RASSF2 genes was analyzed in 198 breast tumors of different subtypes. The effect of the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in the re-expression of these genes was examined in triple-negative (BT-549), HER2 (SK-BR-3), and luminal cells (T-47D). Different patterns of RASSF2 expression for distinct tumor subtypes were detected by immunohistochemistry. RASSF2 hypermethylation was much more frequent in luminal subtypes than in non-luminal tumors (p = 0.001). The re-expression of this gene by lentiviral transduction contributed to the differential cell proliferation and response to antineoplastic drugs observed in luminal compared with triple-negative cell lines. RASSF2 hypermethylation is associated with better prognosis in multivariate statistical analysis (P = 0.039). In conclusion, RASSF2 gene is differently methylated in luminal and non-luminal tumors and is a promising suppressor gene with clinical involvement in breast cancer.

Subclinical infection as a cause of inflammation in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia, a pregnancy-exclusive hypertensive disorder, is the major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality, with a greater importance in developing countries. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia has been the object of recent studies by our group. We have described elevated levels of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein) in preeclamptic patients and demonstrated that Latin-American women present a higher degree of inflammation than women from developed countries. We have results that suggest that chronic subclinical infections and insulin resistance are the most probable causes of the increased inflammation in preeclampsia. Moreover, we showed that early treatment of urinary and vaginal infections decreased the incidence of preeclampsia. We also have evidence that suggests that inflammation leads to endothelial dysfunction, predisposing women to develop preeclampsia. Increased levels of inflammation markers and endothelial dysfunction are found in the early stages of pregnancy in women who later on develop preeclampsia. Appropriate prenatal care programs, including screening and treatment of urinary, vaginal, and periodontal infections in early pregnancy and prevention of factors that predispose to insulin resistance, such as excessive weight gain during pregnancy, may reduce the incidence of preeclampsia in Latin-American women.