ABSTRACT
Traditional medicine has been long used to prevent and/or treat diseases worldwide based on a wealth of experiences, principles, and beliefs in different cultures. Among the extracts used in traditional medicine, we can refer to the aqueous beetle cocoon extract of Larinus maculates popularly known as Tihan in Iraq. To determine the histological effect of this extract on mice liver tissue, the animals were assigned to four groups (n=5) treated with (150,200,400) mg/kg of Cocoon aqueous extract of Larinus maculates for 14 days, respectively. Histology and immunohistochemistry test was performed to evaluate changes in liver tissue and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels.The results showed various pathological dose-depended changes in the liver tissue, including infiltrations, congestion, and vacuolation, along with some dead cells; moreover, necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the liver of highly concentrated treatment group (400 mg kg-1). In addition, the TNF-α level in the liver tissue was elevated by the increased concentration of the extract. The immunohistochemistry result of positive reaction to TNF-α revealed high reaction in the liver tissue of mice treated with 200 mg kg-1 and 400 mg kg-1, as compared to the control group. Furthermore, as evidenced by the obtained results, changes in hepatocytes and the severity of pathological changes in the liver depends on the concentration of the extract of Larinus maculates.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera , Animals , Iraq , Liver , Male , Mice , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alphaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Assessing the efficacy of a polyhydrated ionogen impregnated dressing in the treatment of recalcitrant diabetic foot ulcers. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) continue to present a formidable challenge in terms of morbidity and health care costs. Increasing evidence ascertains the important role of Matrix MetalloProteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors, TIMPs, in wound healing. Imbalance of MMPs in the DFU microenvironment has been associated with poor wound healing. Current research is directed towards therapeutic agents that could redress the imbalance of MMPs/TIMPs. Poly Hydrated Ionogen (PHI) formulation is based on metallic ions and citric acid. PHI application aims to positively restore MMP ratios within chronic wounds. This initial multi-centre pilot study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the PHI formulation in achieving stable wound closure in recalcitrant DFUs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty patients with therapy resistant DFUs of at least 1 cm2 and 3 months duration were treated with PHI formulation in an acetate carrier dressing. Wound debridement, digital imaging and wound perimeter tracing was performed weekly. Off-loading was performed by the use of appropriate shoe-wear (cut-out sandals) and crutches. Patient satisfaction was assessed with a questionnaire. A detailed evaluation sheet was kept for every patient and updated at each visit. RESULTS: Stable wound closure with high patient satisfaction was achieved in 16 (80%) DFUs. The mean time to full closure was 18 weeks. A stable wound epithelization was seen in all full closure patients up to latest follow-up of one year. CONCLUSIONS: Encouraging results of this pilot study prompt us to further investigate the PHI efficacy in DFU treatment in a multi-centre, randomized controlled trial.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Foot/therapy , Rubidium/therapeutic use , Wound Healing , Zinc/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
P35 rats subjected to kainate induced status epilepticus (SE) subsequently underwent four consecutive series of the Morris Water Maze. They demonstrated, compared with controls, an early (P46-49), and subsequent (P60-63) disturbance in acquisition, but not in long term retention, of spatial memory. They eventually achieved performance levels similar to those of controls (P74-77, P91-94). These data support the hypothesis that acquisition, but not long term retention, of spatial material is impaired in this model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), probably due to the hippocampal injury that occurs after SE.
Subject(s)
Memory Disorders/etiology , Memory Disorders/psychology , Status Epilepticus/psychology , Animals , Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists , Kainic Acid , Male , Maze Learning/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reaction Time/physiology , Status Epilepticus/chemically induced , SwimmingABSTRACT
Laparoscopy has been shown to be an effective diagnostic and therapeutic modality for trauma patients. The benefits of laparoscopic intervention include the avoidance of negative laparotomy procedures, decreased patient morbidity rates, shorter hospital stays, and lower costs. Laparoscopic limitations are discussed in this article as well as the perioperative nursing considerations in all phases of trauma patients' care. Five case studies in which patients' care was enhanced by the use of laparoscopy are presented.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries/nursing , Laparoscopy/nursing , Perioperative Nursing , Abdominal Injuries/diagnosis , Abdominal Injuries/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Care PlanningABSTRACT
In a 1 year period (1993) 332 facial fractures were treated in Cork Regional Hospital. Of these 110 (33%) were sports related. Males accounted for 94.5% of patients and 77% of patients were aged below 30 years. Nasal fractures were the most common fractures seen (56%). Almost half (49%) of sports related facial fractures occurred while playing Gaelic games. The incidence of hurling fractures has been more than halved over the last 20 years. Seventy eight percent of patients required operative treatment.
