Blood vessels of the shin - posterior tibial artery - anatomy - own studies and review of the literature.

Anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background with special respect toward the posterior tibial artery and its branches.

Morphology of tributaries of coronary sinus in humans - corrosion casting study.

The study was carried out on 80 human hearts obtained during autopsies. The vascular beds were filled with synthetic resin and next corroded. In all 80 hearts we have been found both: great, middle and small cardiac veins. In two out of 80 hearts we did not find oblique vein of the left atrium. Posterior vein of the left ventricle was double in four hearts. Right marginal vein was found in 5 hearts, left marginal vein was seen in 9 hearts. We also compared the dimensions of all of the above mentioned tributaries of the coronary sinus.

Inferior tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis) - own studies and review of the literature.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.

[Anatomic variations of the septation within the sphenoid sinus on CT scan images--an initial report]. / Anatomiczna zmiennosc przegród w obrebie zatok klinowych w obrazowaniu spiralnej tomografii komputerowej--doniesienie wstepne.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the septation of the sphenoid sinuses and relationship between the number and position of septa in the adult Polish subpopulation. METHODS: A retrospective study of the CT examination of the paranasal sinuses 207 patients (101 male, 106 female) were performed using spiral multirow CT scanner (Siemens Somatom Sensation 10) with the following parameters: the extent fully covering all paranasal sinuses, detector configuration 10 x 0.75 mm, feed 4.1 mm, reconstruction thickness 1 mm, reconstruction increment 0.7 mm, kernel H60s for bone structures, or reconstruction thickness 4 mm, reconstruction increment 4 mm, kernel H31s for soft tissue structures. Secondary coronal and sagittal MPR's (multiplanar reconstructions) were then generated from original axial slices. No intravenous contrast media was required. Siemens CARE Dose 4D option was used to maximally reduce the X-ray dose. Since the aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical variations of sphenoidal sinuses septation only patients with no diseases within sphenoidal sinuses were included. All the subjects were Polish, with a mean age of 44 years, ranging from 18 to 84 years. RESULTS: In our study there was only one septum in 41%, two septa in 33%, three septa in 22% and four septa in 4%. The total amount of sinuses depending on total amount of septa (including accessory septa) and it can be different in the anterior and posterior part of the sphenoidal sinus. We also notice that the highest and the broadest septum (main septum) was completely bony in 57% whilst in 47% it was partially membranous. CONCLUSIONS: Performing CT of paranasal sinuses before surgery is essential to avoid potential complications resulting from anatomical variations.

[Fibrous dysplasia of the scull discovered accidently on CT from different indication]. / Dysplazja wlóknista kosci czaszki wykryta przypadkowo badaniem TK z róznych wskazan.

UNLABELLED: Fibrous dysplasia (dysplasia fibrosa -DF) is a local disorder of spongy bone structure caused by local pathological metabolism. Transformation of trabecular bony structure into connective tissue takes place. Inside the transformed bone scattered connective tissue elements, cartilaginous elements and pathological density are found. The disease proliferates either in the medullary bone or in subperiosteal region, and the development of fibrous tissue causes bone expansion with thinning of overlying cortex. The radiological appearance depends on the stage of the disease. The margins of the lesions are usually obscured and gradually turn into pathological tissue of trabeculated appearance. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to demonstrate fibrous dysplasia that is accidentally found during radiological diagnostics of facial skeleton and stomatological disease, and to describe radiological appearance of the pathological lesions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The material included 23 patients (9 males, 14 females), of 24 to 64 years of age, that were directed for the diagnostics of facial skeleton and stomatological disease with the use of multislice computer tomography, because of clinically diagnosed pathologies in the nasal sinuses, temporomandibular joints, pathologies of the mandible and maxillary, and before treatment with prosthetic implants. All the presented fibrous dysplasia cases were diagnosed during the performance of the above examinations. The examinations were performed by the use of spiral CT (Siemens Somatom Sensation 10) with standard parameters. The range of the examination included the nasal sinuses, facial skeleton or the whole scull-configuration of the detectors 10 x 0.75 mm, slice thickness 1 mm, reconstruction gap 0.7 mm, kernel H60s for osseous structure evaluation, and slice thickness 1, 4 do 4 mm, reconstruction gap 4 mm, kernel H31s for soft tissue evaluation. The obtained results were presented sented in the form of figures. RESULTS: In the analyzed material 23 cases of scull fibrous dysplasia were found. The disease involved 9 males (39.14%) and 14 females (60.86%) from 24 to 64 years of age. Mean age for the whole group was 46.6 years, for males was 50,5 years and for females was 44.4 years. Females with fibrous dysplasia were more numerous (60.86%) than males (39.14%). Monoostotic dysplasia was found in 18 cases (78,89%), polyostotic dysplasia was found in 4 cases (13.05%), the skull-face dysplasia was found in 9 cases (14.07%). The radiological appearance is characterized by lesions that unclearly and gradually turn into pathological tissue with different densities, trabeculated appearance, and sclerotic, lytic or mixed structure. Early lesions usually have lower density than the normal surrounding bone, giving the appearance of translucency. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrous dysplasia of the facial skeleton is most commonly incidentally found on CT examinations of the head, mandible and nasal sinuses. Diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia is important because of unfavorable influence of the disease on stomatognathic system, laryngological disease, ophthalmic and neurological disease.

[Origin of abdominal herniae--anatomical aspects]. / Anatomiczne aspekty powstawania przepuklin brzusznych.

Based on anatomical background authors review the current knowledge on mechanisms and anatomical predisposes causing abdominal herniations. They are giving a brief summary of limitations of potential spaces involved into dislocation of abdominal visceral through natural spaces. Authors try to join anatomical knowledge with clinical information what might be useful in understanding of the patomechanism of these surgical disorders.