Neonatal handling reduces renal function in adult rats.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the effects of neonatal handling on hydroelectrolytic balance in adult rats. METHODS: The litters were divided into two groups: nonhandled and handled. The procedure consisted of handling the pups for 1 min/day in the first 10 days postnatally. When adults, animals had their body weight verified and were housed in individual metabolic cages. After a 24-hour period, urine samples were collected and the urinary and water intake volumes measured. Blood samples to determine osmolality, aldosterone, corticosterone, angiotensin II, creatinine, urea, sodium and potassium levels were collected. The kidneys were removed for histological assessment. Urinary osmolality, sodium, urea and creatinine were also measured and the creatinine clearance (CC) calculated. RESULTS: No difference between groups was found in the body weight. Handled animals showed a reduction in the total kidney wet weight, water intake, urinary volume, CC, plasma angiotensin II, corticosterone and aldosterone when compared to the nonhandled and an increase in the urinary osmolality and sodium excretion fraction. No differences in serum potassium and no evidence of structural changes were demonstrated by histological analysis. CONCLUSION: Neonatal handling induced long-lasting effects decreasing renal function without evidence of kidney structural changes.

Morphological changes in the mandible of male mice associated with aging and biomechanical stimulus.

Degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) associated with aging can affect mandibular shape and reduce growth potential when stimulated by functional appliance therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the morphological changes in the mandibles of male mice associated with aging and biomechanical stimulus. Every 3 days over the course of 1 month, the lower incisors were trimmed by 1 mm to induce mandibular advancement (MA) when the animal was feeding. The left mandibles of the 23 experimental and 27 control animals were subsequently dissected, and digital images were obtained to analyze nine linear/angular measurements. Because mandibular morphology depends on the maintenance of condylar cartilage, the surfaces of the condylar cartilage and the ascending ramus of the mandible were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The linear measurements of the mandible showed changes according to age in the control group and a growth response in the mandibular condyle in 7- and 15-month-old mice after MA. Moreover, SEM analysis revealed depressions in the anterior region of the condylar cartilage and inclined vascular grooves in the ascending ramus in the 7- and 15-month-old experimental mice. Although the growth potential is reduced in mice after 6 months of age, the results showed that continuous growth of the mandible occurs after maturation, except in the condyle, and that biomechanical stimulus of the TMJ of male mice leads to condylar growth. These results suggest that mature and old individuals can favorably respond to maxillary functional orthopedic therapy.

Cyclin D1 expression and cervical metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth.

UNLABELLED: Cervical metastasis represent the most relevant prognostic factor in carcinomas of the mouth. Clinical and histological factors are associated with the development of cervical metastasis; however, research on molecular factors has been broadly carried out in recent years. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the Cyclin D1 as a risk factor for the presence of cervical metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclin D1 expression was measured and the association between such substance and metastasis was found in 45 patients with mouth cancer treated by the author of this paper. Cyclin D1 presence was checked through the stereological method. Clinical and histological characteristics have been analyzed and associated with metastasis. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 expression was found in 15 patients but it was not associated with clinical and histological factors related to the presence of metastasis. Such conclusion indicates that Cyclin D1 is an independent protein. The most important predictive aspects related to metastasis development have been clinical staging and vascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1, although independent, is not associated with cervical metastasis, while staging and vascular embolization are.

Expressão de ciclina D1 e presença de metástase cervical de carcinoma epidermóide de boca / Cyclin D1 expression and cervical metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth

A metástase cervical é o fator de prognóstico mais relevante do carcinoma epidermóide de boca. Fatores clínicos e histológicos estão associados com o desenvolvimento da metástase cervical, porém a pesquisa de fatores moleculares está sendo amplamente realizada nos últimos anos. OBJETIVO: Observar a associação da expressão da ciclina D1 como fator de risco para a presença de metástase cervical. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi estudada e verificada sua associação com a metástase em 45 pacientes com câncer de boca. A leitura da expressão da ciclina D1 foi realizada pelo método estereológico. Características clínicas e histológicas foram pesquisadas e associadas com a presença de metástase. RESULTADOS: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi encontrada em 15 pacientes (33,4 por cento) e não esteve associada a fatores clínicos, histológicos e com a presença de metástase cervical, sendo sua expressão independente. O estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares foram os fatores preditivos de maior relevância para o desenvolvimento de metástase. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão da ciclina D1, embora seja independente, não está associada com a presença de metástase cervical, enquanto que o estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares estão.

Cervical metastasis represent the most relevant prognostic factor in carcinomas of the mouth. Clinical and histological factors are associated with the development of cervical metastasis; however, research on molecular factors has been broadly carried out in recent years. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the Cyclin D1 as a risk factor for the presence of cervical metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclin D1 expression was measured and the association between such substance and metastasis was found in 45 patients with mouth cancer treated by the author of this paper. Cyclin D1 presence was checked through the stereological method. Clinical and histological characteristics have been analyzed and associated with metastasis. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 expression was found in 15 patients but it was not associated with clinical and histological factors related to the presence of metastasis. Such conclusion indicates that Cyclin D1 is an independent protein. The most important predictive aspects related to metastasis development have been clinical staging and vascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1, although independent, is not associated with cervical metastasis, while staging and vascular embolization are.

Mandibular advancement and morphological changes in the mandibles of female mice of different ages.

Mandibular advancement (MA) by means of functional orthopedic techniques is currently used in young patients to stimulate mandibular growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes in the mandibles of 2-, 7-, and 16-month-old female mice after MA. Every 3 days during 1 month, the lower incisors were trimmed by 1mm to induce protrusion when the animal was feeding. The left mandibles of the 30 experimental and 28 control individuals were subsequently dissected and digital images were obtained to analyze nine linear/angular measurements. The condylar microstructure was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The linear/angular measurements showed a growth response in different mandibular regions in 2- and 16-month-old individuals. SEM showed that, in the 7-month-old mice, the condylar cartilage had regenerated in the treated individuals but not in the controls. The results suggest that MA produces mandibular growth in 2- and 16-month-old female mice. Although there was no mandibular growth in 7-month-old mice, regeneration of the condylar cartilage was detected, thus demonstrating that different responses to the MA stimulus occur in female mice of different ages.

Envelhecimento e descenso genital: o papel do colágeno / Aging and genital prolapse: the role of collagen

O Aumento da expectativa de vida deu-se em ambos os sexos, em todas as idades, sendo que os mais expressivos incrementos foram observados na população feminina. Caso se queira adicionar qualidade de vida à longevidade dessas mulheres, deve-se estar atento também a doenças como o descenso genital, que, certamente, não diminui a longevidade, mas reduz drasticamente a qualidade de vida, limitando o convívio social e o desempenho das atividades diárias. Em função disso, os autores desenvolvem uma revisão relativa à gênese do descenso genital, abordando aspectos pertinentes ao envelhecimento do trato genitourinário, fatores de risco, anatomia e biomecânica da doença, incluindo, o papel desempenhado pelo colágeno, além das implicações clínicas relacionadas a todos esses aspectos

Medida ultra-sonográfica da espessura placentária / Ultrasound measurement of placental thickness

A aferição seriada da espessura placentária ao ultrasom já comprovou ser bom parâmetro para diagnóstico de x-talassemia 1 homozigótica.Os diagnósticos de outras doenças poderão ser beneficiados com este estudo rotineiro.Não existe consenso sobre o melhor método embora todos concordem que o transdutor abdominal deve incidir em plano perpendicular ao da placenta e a maioria dos autores oriente que a medida seja realizada perto da área central da placenta.Entre os trabalhos revisados,um autor usou a média de quatro cortes na área do cordão,dois realizaram corte longitudinal único na área de maior espessura da placenta,outro realizou medida única na área do cordão umbilical e quatro usaram a mesma área do cordão para estabelecer a média de um corte transverso e de um corte longitudinal.A placenta cresce linearmente até o termo,parecendo diminuir seu ritmo a partir da 36 semana.Medidas maiores que a 5,0 cm ou menores que 3,0 cm significam alerta por estarem com espessura aumentada ou diminuída,respectivamente

Morphologic aspects of Tetratrichomonas didelphidis isolated from opossums Didelphis marsupialis and Lutreolina crassicaudata

Tetratrichomonas didelphidis (Hegner & Ratcliffe, 1927) Andersen & Reilly, 1965 is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine, cecum, and colon of Didelphis marsupialis. The parasitic protozoa used in this study was found and isolated in the intestine of opossums in Pavlova starch-containing medium in Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from D. marsupialis and Lutreolina crassicaudata. The strains were cultivated in Diamond medium without maltose and with starch solution, pH 7.5 at 28§ C. The specimens were stained by the Giemsa method and Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. The light microscopy study of the trophozoites revealed the same morphologic characteristics as specimens previously described

Relação entre a classificação clínica de White e a histopatologia das placentas de gestantes diabéticas / The relationship between White's classification and the histopathological changes in the placentas of diabetic pregnant women

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a classificação clínica de White e as alterações histopatológicas de placentas de gestantes diabéticas, comparando, de forma qualitativa, as alterações histopatológicas de placentas de gestantes não-diabéticas e diabéticas gestacionais (classes A e A/B), clínicas de curta duração (classes B e C) e clínicas com vasculopatia (classes D a FRH), no termo e pré-termo, e de acordo com a qualidade do controle glicêmico na gestação. Pacientes e métodos: foram colhidas amostras de placentas de todas as gestantes diabéticas, atendidas entre 1991 e 1996 na Maternidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, coradas pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina e submetidas a exame histopatológico. A qualidade do controle glicêmico foi analisada pela média glicêmica da gestação e classificada em adequada e inadequada, com limite de 120 mg/dl. A idade da gestação foi individualizada em termo e pré-termo. Resultados: observou-se que 42 recém-nascidos (43,3 por cento) eram de termo e o restante, de pré-termo (56,7 por cento). O índice de prematuridade foi maior nas diabéticas clínicas (classes B e C; D a FRH). Algumas alterações histopatológicas só foram encontradas em placentas de gestantes diabéticas: degeneração cistóide, edema corial, edema da íntima, dismaturidade, hiperplasia das células de Hofbauer, vilite, células fantasmas, dois vasos no cordão umbilical e endarterite. Conclusões: as alterações histopatológicas de placentas de gestantes com diabete gestacional (classes A e A/B), clínico de curta duração (classes B e C) e clínico com vasculopatia (classes D a FRH) foram semelhantes às das não-diabéticas e, portanto, independeram da classificação clínica de White. As alterações histopatológicas de placentas de gestantes não se relacionaram com a idade gestacional ao nascimento e com a qualidade do controle glicêmico materno. A comparação entre as alterações histopatológicas e a elevada proporção de recém-nascidos pré-termo nas diabéticas clínicas, classes D a FRH, sugerem amadurecimento placentário precoce nas diabéticas clínicas com vasculopatia.