Extension of an Atom-Atom Dispersion Function to Halogen Bonds and Its Use for Rational Design of Drugs and Biocatalysts.

A dispersion function Das in the form of a damped atom-atom asymptotic expansion fitted to ab initio dispersion energies from symmetry-adapted perturbation theory was improved and extended to systems containing heavier halogen atoms. To illustrate its performance, the revised Das function was implemented in the multipole first-order electrostatic and second-order dispersion (MED) scoring model. The extension has allowed applications to a much larger set of biocomplexes than it was possible with the original Das. A reasonable correlation between MED and experimentally determined inhibitory activities was achieved in a number of test cases, including structures featuring nonphysically shortened intermonomer distances, which constitute a particular challenge for binding strength predictions. Since the MED model is also computationally efficient, it can be used for reliable and rapid assessment of the ligand affinity or multidimensional scanning of amino acid side-chain conformations in the process of rational design of novel drugs or biocatalysts.

Synthesis, structural characterization, docking simulation and in vitro antiproliferative activity of the new gold(III) complex with 2-pyridineethanol.

Gold(III) complex containing 2-pyridineethanol has been synthesized and characterized structurally by single crystal X-ray diffraction, vibrational spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical study, and DFT calculations. The Au(III) ion is four coordinated with one N-donor ligand (L) and three Cl anions. The Okuniewski's (τ'4=0.018) has been used to estimate the angular distortion from ideal square planar geometry. The vibrational spectroscopy studies, in the solid state and DMSO solution and cyclic voltammetry, have been performed to determine its stability and redox activity, respectively. A complete assignment of the IR and Raman spectra has been made based on the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). The theoretical calculations have been made for two functionals and several basis sets. The compound has been evaluated for its antiproliferative properties in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), mouse colon carcinoma (CT26), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human prostate carcinoma derived from the metastatic site in the brain (DU-145), and PANC-1 human pancreas/duct carcinoma cell line and non-tumorigenic cell lines: HaCat (human keratinocyte), and HEK293T (human embryonic kidney). Au(III) complex cytotoxicity is significantly against A549 and MCF-7 cells as in the reference drug: cisplatin. Studies of the interactions of Au(III) complex with DNA, HSA (human serum albumin) have been performed. The results from modeling docking simulations indicate that the title complex exerts anticancer effects in vitro based on different mechanisms of action to compare with cisplatin.

Revisiting the halogen bonding between phosphodiesterase type 5 and its inhibitors.

Halogenated ligands are nowadays commonly designed in order to increase their potency against protein targets. Although novel computational methods of evaluating the affinity of such halogenated inhibitors have emerged, they still lack the sufficient accuracy, which is especially noticeable in the case of empirical scoring functions, being the method of choice in the drug design process. Here, we evaluated a series of halogenated inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 5 with ab initio methods, revealing the physical nature of ligand binding and determining the components of interaction energy that are essential for proper inhibitor ranking. In particular, a nonempirical scoring model combining long-range contributions to the interaction energy provided a significant correlation with experimental binding potency, outperforming a number of commonly used empirical scoring functions. Considering the low computational cost associated with remarkable predictive abilities of the aforementioned model, it could be used for rapid assessment of the ligand affinity in the process of rational design of novel halogenated compounds.

Theoretical Model of EphA2-Ephrin A1 Inhibition.

This work aims at the theoretical description of EphA2-ephrin A1 inhibition by small molecules. Recently proposed ab initio-based scoring models, comprising long-range components of interaction energy, is tested on lithocholic acid class inhibitors of this protein⁻protein interaction (PPI) against common empirical descriptors. We show that, although limited to compounds with similar solvation energy, the ab initio model is able to rank the set of selected inhibitors more effectively than empirical scoring functions, aiding the design of novel compounds.

Application of a simple quantum chemical approach to ligand fragment scoring for Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 inhibition.

There is a need for improved and generally applicable scoring functions for fragment-based approaches to ligand design. Here, we evaluate the performance of a computationally efficient model for inhibitory activity estimation, which is composed only of multipole electrostatic energy and dispersion energy terms that approximate long-range ab initio quantum mechanical interaction energies. We find that computed energies correlate well with inhibitory activity for a compound series with varying substituents targeting two subpockets of the binding site of Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1. For one subpocket, we find that the model is more predictive for inhibitory activity than the ab initio interaction energy calculated at the MP2 level. Furthermore, the model is found to outperform a commonly used empirical scoring method. Finally, we show that the results for the two subpockets can be combined, which suggests that this simple nonempirical scoring function could be applied in fragment-based drug design.

Theoretical models of inhibitory activity for inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: targeting menin-mixed lineage leukemia with small molecules.

Development and binding affinity predictions of inhibitors targeting protein-protein interactions (PPI) still represent a major challenge in drug discovery efforts. This work reports application of a predictive non-empirical model of inhibitory activity for PPI inhibitors, exemplified here for small molecules targeting the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) interaction. Systematic ab initio analysis of menin-inhibitor complexes was performed, revealing the physical nature of these interactions. Notably, the non-empirical protein-ligand interaction energy comprising electrostatic multipole and approximate dispersion terms (E(10)El,MTP + EDas) produced a remarkable correlation with experimentally measured inhibitory activities and enabled accurate activity prediction for new menin-MLL inhibitors. Importantly, this relatively simple and computationally affordable non-empirical interaction energy model outperformed binding affinity predictions derived from commonly used empirical scoring functions. This study demonstrates high relevance of the non-empirical model we developed for binding affinity prediction of inhibitors targeting protein-protein interactions that are difficult to predict using empirical scoring functions.