ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Probiotics can be beneficial in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Mosapride citrate, a selective 5-HT4 receptor agonist, stimulates gastrointestinal motility. We investigated the efficacy of combination therapy with probiotics and mosapride for non-diarrheal-type IBS. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-five IBS patients were randomly assigned to either a combination of probiotics (Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus faecium) and mosapride at one of four different doses or a placebo for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing adequate relief (AR) of global IBS symptoms at week 4. The secondary outcomes included subject's global assessment (SGA) of IBS symptom relief, individual symptoms, stool parameters, and IBS-quality of life. KEY RESULTS: The proportion of AR at week 4 was significantly higher in all treatment groups compared to the placebo group (53.7% in group 1, 55.0% in group 2, 55.2% in group 3, 53.6% in group 4 [the highest dose], and 35.1% in placebo group, respectively, p < 0.05). The proportion of patients reporting 'completely or considerably relieved' in the SGA was higher in the treatment groups than in the placebo group. The abdominal pain/discomfort score in the treatment group 4 was more prominently improved compared with that of the placebo group. In patients with constipation-predominant IBS, the improvements in stool frequency and consistency were significantly higher in the treatment groups 4 and 1, respectively, than those in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Combination therapy with probiotics and mosapride is effective for relief of symptoms in patients with non-diarrheal-type IBS. The study has been registered in the US National Library of Medicine (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01505777).
Subject(s)
Benzamides/administration & dosage , Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/drug therapy , Morpholines/administration & dosage , Probiotics/administration & dosage , Quality of Life , Abdominal Pain/drug therapy , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adult , Bacillus subtilis , Double-Blind Method , Drug Therapy, Combination , Enterococcus faecium , Female , Gastrointestinal Motility , Humans , Irritable Bowel Syndrome/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Rectal carcinoids are low-grade malignancies that are usually treated by endoscopic resection. However, on pathologic examination, resection margins that are positive for carcinoid cells are frequently found. Patient outcomes were reviewed after endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoids and the clinical significance of possible residual disease, as defined by pathologic and endoscopic examination, was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records and endoscopic findings of 347 patients presenting with rectal carcinoids to 14 university hospitals in Korea between January 1999 and June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 304 patients were treated with endoscopic resection, and 43 patents were treated with surgery. In the endoscopic resection group, the complete resection rate was 88.2% based on endoscopic appearance (CR-E) and 60.2% based on pathologic evaluation (CR-P). The agreement between CR-E and CR-P was low (κ=0.192). No residual tumors were found in 77 of 85 patients (90.6%) who were CR-E but not CR-P and who had endoscopic biopsy taken at 24-month follow-up. The receiver-operating characteristic curve identified an optimal cut-off value of 10.5 mm, at which the sensitivity and the specificity for metastasis were 100% and 89%, respectively. The risk factors for metastasis by multivariate analysis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective modality for treating well-differentiated rectal carcinoids smaller than 10 mm in diameter. Discrepancies were observed between CR-E and CR-P. The risk factors for metastasis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion.
Subject(s)
Carcinoid Tumor/pathology , Carcinoid Tumor/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Vessels/pathology , Carcinoid Tumor/diagnostic imaging , Colonoscopy , Decision Making , Endosonography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymphatic Metastasis , Lymphatic Vessels/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mitotic Index , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm, Residual , ROC Curve , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Rectal Neoplasms/secondary , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Tumor Burden , Young AdultABSTRACT
The findings of several studies suggest that liver stiffness values can be affected by the degree of intrahepatic congestion respiration influence intrahepatic blood volume and may affect liver stiffness. We evaluated the influence of respiration on liver stiffness. Transient elastography (TE) was performed at the end of inspiration and at the end of expiration in patients with chronic liver disease. The median values obtained during the inspiration set and during the expiration set were defined as inspiratory and expiratory liver stiffness, respectively. A total of 123 patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled (mean age 49years; 64.2% men). Liver cirrhosis coexisted in 29 patients (23.6%). Expiratory liver stiffness was significantly higher than inspiratory liver stiffness (8.7 vs 7.9kPa, P=0.001), while the expiratory interquartile range/median ratio (IQR ratio) did not differ from the inspiratory IQR ratio. Expiratory liver stiffness was significantly higher than inspiratory liver stiffness in 49 (39.8%) patients (HE group), expiratory liver stiffness was significantly lower than inspiratory stiffness in 15 (12.2%) patients, and there was no difference in 59 (48.0%) patients. Liver cirrhosis was more frequent in those who had a lower liver stiffness reading in expiration, and only the absence of liver cirrhosis was significantly associated with a higher reading in expiration in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, liver stiffness was significantly elevated during expiration especially in patients without liver cirrhosis. The effect of respiration should be kept in mind during TE readings.
Subject(s)
Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Exhalation , Inhalation , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnostic imaging , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biopsy , Chronic Disease , Cohort Studies , Elasticity , Female , Hepatitis, Chronic/pathology , Hepatitis, Chronic/virology , Humans , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Regression Analysis , Young AdultSubject(s)
Candidiasis/complications , Candidiasis/pathology , Esophageal Stenosis/etiology , Esophagitis/microbiology , Esophagitis/pathology , Adult , Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Esophageal Stenosis/diagnosis , Esophagitis/drug therapy , Esophagoscopy , Female , Fluconazole/therapeutic use , HumansSubject(s)
Anaphylaxis/complications , Bees , Insect Bites and Stings/complications , Ischemia/etiology , Proctocolitis/etiology , Adult , Animals , Colonoscopy , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging , Humans , Ischemia/diagnosis , Ischemia/therapy , Male , Proctocolitis/diagnosis , Proctocolitis/therapySubject(s)
Colonic Diseases/etiology , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Liposarcoma/complications , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/complications , Colectomy , Colonic Diseases/pathology , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Colonoscopy , Humans , Intestinal Fistula/pathology , Intestinal Fistula/surgery , Liposarcoma/pathology , Liposarcoma/radiotherapy , Liposarcoma/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/surgery , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Enbucrilate/adverse effects , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/drug therapy , Splenic Infarction/chemically induced , Adult , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/etiology , Gastric Fundus , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Male , Splenic Infarction/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedSubject(s)
Colonoscopy/methods , Melanoma/pathology , Melanoma/therapy , Melanosis/pathology , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Aged , Anus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Anus Neoplasms/therapy , Biopsy, Needle , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Combined Modality Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Neoplasm Staging , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Risk Assessment , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Esophageal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy , Adult , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophagoscopy , Humans , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although endoscopy is recommended for patients with iron deficiency anaemia, there is, currently, no consensus on the role of endoscopy for iron-deficient patients without anaemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of serious gastrointestinal (GI) lesions, identified by endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency and anaemia compared with patients with iron deficiency without anaemia. METHODS: One thousand five hundred and eighteen patients with a ferritin value of
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/pathology , Duodenoscopy/standards , Esophagoscopy/standards , Gastrointestinal Diseases/pathology , Gastroscopy/standards , Iron Deficiencies , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/blood , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/diagnosis , Duodenoscopy/methods , Esophagoscopy/methods , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/blood , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/blood , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/pathology , Gastroscopy/methods , Humans , Iron/blood , Korea , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Capecitabine, a prodrug of 5-FU, has been reported to generate maximal tumour activity at tumour sites and/or to improve drug tolerability as compared with 5-FU infusion, and it has also been demonstrated to act synergistically with irinotecan against some solid cancers. A previous study concluded that dose-intensified biweekly capecitabine seems to be more effective at increasing both response rate and progression-free survival time than conventional dose and schedule of capecitabine in colon cancer. We conducted this study to ascertain the efficacy and toxicity of dose-intensified biweekly capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy in chemotherapy-naïve advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients. Patients were treated with irinotecan 130 mg m(-2) intravenously for 90 min on days 1 and 15. Capecitabine at 3500 mg m(-2) day(-1), divided into two sessions per day, was administered for seven consecutive days from days 1 and 15, and followed by a 7-day drug-free period, respectively. Fifty-five eligible patients were enrolled in this study from November 2003 to April 2006. There were 22 women and 33 men: median patient age was 54 years (range: 27-81). A total of 200 treatment cycles were administered at a median number of four per patient (range: 1-9). Intent-to-treatment analysis showed that one patient achieved complete response (1.8%), 23 partial response (41.8%), 15 stable disease (27.3%), 10 progressive disease (18.2%) and 6 were non-evaluable (10.9%). The overall response rate was 43.6% (95% confidence interval: 30.2-56.9). The common grade 3-4 toxicities were neutropenia in 12 (21.8%), nausea/vomiting in 3 (5.4%) and diarrhea in 4 (7.2%) patients. Median time to progression was 5 months (range: 0.5-11 months), median survival duration was 11 months (range: 0.5-45 months) and median response duration was 6 months (range: 0.5-9 months). Biweekly dose-intensified capecitabine and irinotecan combination chemotherapy was active for the treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancers with a tolerable safety profile.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives , Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives , Fluorouracil/analogs & derivatives , Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Administration, Oral , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Camptothecin/administration & dosage , Camptothecin/adverse effects , Capecitabine , Deoxycytidine/administration & dosage , Deoxycytidine/adverse effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Fluorouracil/administration & dosage , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Humans , Irinotecan , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The factors that more accurately predict the detection of colorectal cancers and adenomas at colonoscopy are different. We conducted a prospective multicenter study to evaluate which indications were most closely associated with advanced colorectal neoplasm (CRN), including colorectal cancer, in a group of patients undergoing colonoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The 17 468 patients were enrolled in this study between July 2003 and March 2004, from 11 tertiary medical centers in Korea. They were recruited according to 11 itemized colonoscopic indications. The term "advanced adenoma" refers here to tubular adenomas of diameter of 11 mm or more, or to tubulovillous, villous, or severely dysplastic adenomas, irrespective of their size. Cancer was defined as the invasion of malignant cells beyond the muscularis mucosa. Advanced CRN was defined as advanced adenoma or invasive cancer. RESULTS: Advanced CRN was found in 1227/17 307 patients (1176 advanced adenomas plus 51 carcinomas, 7.1 %). According to univariate and multivariate analysis, the factors associated with advanced CRN included age >60 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.8 - 2.4, P < 0.0001), male gender (OR 2.1, 95 %CI 1.7 - 2.7, P < 0.0001), referral for colonoscopy from primary care physician (OR 3.1, 95 %CI 2.5 - 3.7, P < 0.0001), and several other indications (OR 1.8, 95 %CI 1.5 - 2.3, P < 0.001). The yield of colonoscopy for advanced CRN was lower (2.2 %) than expected in patients with iron-deficiency anemia (OR 0.5, 95 %CI 0.2 - 0.9, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, and referral for colonoscopy from primary care physician constituted important independent predictors of advanced CRN in patients undergoing colonoscopy.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/diagnosis , Colonoscopy/methods , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma/pathology , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Humans , Korea , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Precancerous Conditions/diagnosis , Precancerous Conditions/pathology , Prospective Studies , Sex FactorsSubject(s)
Colonoscopy , Endometriosis/diagnosis , Rectal Diseases/diagnosis , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , HumansABSTRACT
The accurate measurement of radial expansive force is crucial for optimal design and implantation of self expandable esophageal metal stents. In the present study, a new method of measurement under experimental conditions simulating actual stent implantation has been developed. This method offers precise and reproducible measurements and can be applied to a wide variety of stent types. In particular, the method enables one to measure expansive pressure as well as the true radial expansive force up to the radial compression ratio of 72%, covering the range of compression often encountered in a partially obstructed lumen. The test results for various kinds of metal stents are presented and compared. Based on these results, three important points of observation critical in explaining and predicting the expansion characteristics of stents have been reported. Further understanding and characterization of these findings will be necessary for developing new stents with outstanding clinical efficacy.