Fulminant giant cell myocarditis and cardiogenic shock: an unusual presentation of malignant thymoma.

Malignant thymoma is rarely associated with giant cell myocarditis. We present a case study that illustrates this association and cardiogenic shock with underlying tamponade. The dramatic presentation of this scenario has not been previously described.

Role of radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: report from a multicenter registry.

BACKGROUND: Management of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is challenging in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the response of VT in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis to medical therapy and radiofrequency ablation. METHODS: Forty-two patients with a diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis based on the Japanese Health Ministry criteria were followed. When VT occurred, a stepwise approach was used: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement, immunosuppressive agents, antiarrhythmic medications, then radiofrequency ablation. RESULTS: In nine patients (age 46.7 +/- 8.6 years; ejection fraction 42 +/- 14%), VT was not controlled by medical therapy, and radiofrequency ablation was performed. A total of 44 VTs (mean cycle length 348 +/- 78 ms) were induced. Endocardial radiofrequency ablation was performed in eight patients (right ventricular in 5, left ventricular in 3) and epicardial radiofrequency ablation in one patient. In 4 of 5 patients with right ventricular VTs, a peritricuspid circuit was identified. Critical areas were identified for 21 (48%) of 44 VTs, resulting in elimination of 31 (70%) of 44 VTs. The most frequent VT circuit was reentry in the peritricuspid area. This type of VT was eliminated in all patients. Arrhythmic events decreased from 271 +/- 363 episodes preablation to 4.0 +/- 9.7 postablation. All patients had either a decrease (n = 4) or complete elimination (n = 5) of VT during mean follow-up of 19.8 +/- 19.6 months. CONCLUSION: Catheter ablation of VT in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis refractory to medical therapy is effective in eliminating VT or markedly reducing the VT burden. The disease process in cardiac sarcoidosis often involves a specific area in the basal right ventricle predisposing to peritricuspid reentry.

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome caused by abrupt metoprolol withdrawal.

Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome (TLVABS) has been described to occur in response to number of stressful events, drug effects or drug withdrawal. Withdrawal of beta blockade has not been described to precipitate TLVABS. We are describing a case of TLVABS developing after abrupt withdrawal of metoprolol.

Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide in evaluation of respiratory failure in critically ill patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro BNP (NTproBNP) have been shown to correlate with pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) in patients with heart failure. We studied whether BNP and/or NTproBNP can differentiate high- vs low-PAWP respiratory failure in ICU patients. We also evaluated if BNP and NTproBNP will reflect accurately cardiac dysfunction and predict 30-day survival. DESIGN: Prospective observational study of ICU patients in an urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Forty-one consecutive patients with hypoxic respiratory failure undergoing pulmonary artery catheterization were enrolled between January and December, 2003. INTERVENTIONS: BNP and NTproBNP were assayed from a venous blood sample. Hemodynamic variables were obtained at the time blood was drawn. Survival was documented at day 30. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: BNP and NTproBNP correlated significantly with each other (r = 0.656, p < 0.001) and inversely with hemodynamic markers of contractility: BNP with cardiac index (CI) [r = - 0.481, p < 0.02], and left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) [r = - 0.384, p < 0.02]; NTproBNP with CI (r = - 0.441, p < 0.02) and LVSWI (r = - 0.623, p < 0.001). BNP and NTproBNP did not correlate with PAWP. We created receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for detection of contractile dysfunction using different LVSWI cutoffs. Area under the ROC (AUROC) values were larger and more consistent for NTproBNP than for BNP. For LVSWI < 35 g.m/m(2): BNP AUROC = 0.643, NTproBNP AUROC = 0.885 (p < 0.02); for LVSWI < 30 g.m/m(2): BNP AUROC = 0.754 (p < 0.02) and NTproBNP AUROC = 0.884 (p < 0.001). Mean (+/- SE) concentrations did not differ between the survivors and non-survivors: BNP, 909.3 +/- 264.2 pg/mL vs 840.9 +/- 171.2 pg/mL; NTproBNP, 11,630.6 +/- 3,181.8 pg/mL vs 11,777.6 +/- 2,989.9 pg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NTproBNP and BNP failed to differentiate high- vs low-PAWP respiratory failure but were inversely correlated with indexes of cardiac contractility. With higher accuracy, NTproBNP may be a more discerning marker than BNP in patients with milder cardiac dysfunction. Neither peptide predicted short-term mortality.