Subject(s)
Pneumothorax/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Pulmonary Medicine/standards , Adolescent , Adult , Area Under Curve , Chest Tubes , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Pneumothorax/diagnostic imaging , ROC Curve , Radiography , Severity of Illness Index , Societies, Medical , United Kingdom , United States , Young AdultSubject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects , Metronidazole/adverse effects , Ofloxacin/adverse effects , Psychoses, Substance-Induced/etiology , Adolescent , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Citalopram/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Psychoses, Substance-Induced/drug therapy , Risperidone/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapySubject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Snake Bites , Adolescent , Anecdotes as Topic , Humans , Male , Physician-Nurse Relations , VirginiaABSTRACT
Eleven mild atopic asthmatic patients were exposed for 6 h, in randomized order, to air, 100 ppb O3, 200 ppb NO2, and 100 ppb O3 + 200 ppb NO2, followed immediately by bronchial allergen challenge. Subsequently 10 of these patients were exposed for 3 h to air, 200 ppb O3, 400 ppb NO2, and 200 ppb O3 + 400 ppb NO2, followed immediately by bronchial allergen challenge. All exposures were carried out in an environmental chamber, with intermittent moderate exercise, and a minimal interval of 2 wk. Exposure for 6 h to 100 ppb O3, 200 ppb NO2, and 100 ppb O3 + 200 ppb NO2 did not lead to any significant increase in the airway response of these individuals to inhaled allergen, when compared with exposure for 6 h to air. In contrast, exposure for 3 h to 200 ppb O3, 400 ppb NO2, and 200 ppb O3 + 400 ppb NO2 significantly decreased the dose of allergen (in log cumulative breath units [CBU]) required to decrease FEV1 by 20% (allergen PD20FEV1), compared with exposure to air (geometric mean CBU: 3.0 for air versus 2.66 for O3 [p = 0.002]; 2.78 for NO2 [p = 0. 018]; 2.65 for O3 + NO2 [p = 0.002]). These results suggest that the pollutant-induced changes in airway response of mild atopic asthmatics to allergen may be dependent on a threshold concentration rather than the total amount of pollutant inhaled over a period of time.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/pharmacology , Airway Resistance/drug effects , Allergens , Asthma/physiopathology , Bronchial Provocation Tests , Nitrogen Dioxide/pharmacology , Ozone/pharmacology , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Adult , Airway Resistance/physiology , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/diagnosis , Asthma, Exercise-Induced/physiopathology , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Forced Expiratory Volume/physiology , Humans , Intradermal Tests , Male , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Single-Blind MethodSubject(s)
Eye Foreign Bodies/etiology , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/etiology , Adult , Cellulitis/etiology , Eye Foreign Bodies/complications , Eye Foreign Bodies/pathology , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/complications , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/pathology , Humans , Male , Oculomotor Muscles/injuries , Orbital Fractures/etiologyABSTRACT
Central retinal artery occlusion is characterized by sudden, painless visual loss due to blockage of retinal blood flow. It has been reported in all age groups including children but is most frequent in the sixth decade. Both thrombosis and embolism have been suggested as possible mechanisms. The emergency treatment includes intravenous acetazolamide, digital ocular massage, and inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide -- 95% oxygen for ten minutes. Following emergency treatment, immediate ophthalmologic referral and consultation is required. Comprehensive medical evaluation should be initiated to exclude systemic vascular disease.