Development and Evaluation of the Ally Sexual and Gender Minority Diversity and Inclusion Training at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

CONTEXT: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) developed a workforce training on sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). OBJECTIVE: This article describes the evaluation of the training. DESIGN: Participants completed pre- and posttest surveys. After the pilot evaluation, some improvements were made to the curriculum and to the pre- and posttest questionnaires. Participants in subsequent (implementation) training were similarly asked to complete pre- and posttest questionnaires. SETTING: CDC. PARTICIPANTS: CDC staff. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' knowledge, ally identity, and perceptions of SGMs. RESULTS: Pilot and implementation training data showed increases in participant knowledge of 44% and 49%, respectively, increases in ally identity of 11% and 14%, respectively, and increases in positive perceptions of SGM of 25% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the CDC Ally Training may be a useful tool for improving staff knowledge and perceptions of SGM people.

Endtidal carbon dioxide monitoring in children with congenital heart disease during sedation for cardiac catheterization by nonanesthesiologists.

BACKGROUND: This prospective observational study compared endtidal carbon dioxide (P(E)CO(2)) with blood gas carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) values in children sedated by nonanesthesiologists for cardiac catheterization. METHODS: A nasal cannula designed to obtain gas sampling simultaneously from over the mouth and nares was taped into place after assuring a good waveform. Patients' cardiac lesions, site of blood gas sampling and P(E)CO(2)were recorded. RESULTS: Two hundred and one blood/P(E)CO(2) pairs were measured in 59 patients from 4 days to 18 years of age. Linear regression, Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis revealed a reasonable relationship (r = 0.493, P < 0.01, bivariate Pearson correlation) for all blood/expired CO(2) pairs even when the blood sample was obtained from an area of the circulation with shunting. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of the blood/P(E)CO(2) pairs between infants who weighed 15 kg. Thirteen children were diagnosed with partial or complete airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Endtidal CO(2) measurement provides a reasonable reflection of blood CO(2) values if the expired gas-sampling catheter is taped in place after assuring a good waveform. The veracity of the data was the same throughout the patient size range. Expired CO(2) monitoring is useful for assessing the adequacy of respirations and the patency of the airway in children 3-89 kg.

There is no dose-escalation response to dexamethasone (0.0625-1.0 mg/kg) in pediatric tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy patients for preventing vomiting, reducing pain, shortening time to first liquid intake, or the incidence of voice change.

BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomy is associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) if no prophylaxis is administered. Previous studies have shown that a single dose of dexamethasone decreases the incidence of PONV. The most effective dose of dexamethasone to affect clinical outcome is yet to be defined. METHODS: One-hundred-twenty-five children were enrolled in a double-blind, prospective, randomized, dose-escalating study of dexamethasone: 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg, maximum dose 24 mg. Nonparametric ANOVA was used to analyze the incidence of vomiting by treatment group for 0 to < or =5 h, >5 to 24 h. The Cox Proportional Likelihood Ratio Test was used to compare the time of first vomit and time to first pain medication across treatment groups. RESULTS: There was no difference in the incidence of vomiting for the five escalating doses of dexamethasone in the time period. There were no differences in secondary outcomes (analgesic requirements, time to first liquid, and change in voice) across treatment groups. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the lowest dose of dexamethasone (0.0625 mg/kg) was as effective as the highest dose of dexamethasone (1.0 mg/kg) for preventing PONV or reducing the incidence of other secondary outcomes following tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. There is no justification for the use of high-dose dexamethasone for the prevention of PONV in this cohort of children.