ABSTRACT
Onychomycosis is one of the most common nail diseases in adults but is described as infrequent in children. Data are, however, scattered and diverse. Studies have nevertheless suggested that the prevalence of onychomycosis is increasing in children lately and the aim of this review was therefore to examine this problem. Two authors individually searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles on epidemiology and prevalence of onychomycosis in children. The literature search was conducted in accordance per PRISMA guidelines. In total 1042 articles were identified of which 23 were eligible for inclusion. One of the articles presented two studies and a total of 24 studies were therefore included. Seventeen studies presented data of the prevalence of onychomycosis in children in the general population and seven studies among children visiting a dermatological and pediatric department or clinic. The prevalence ranged from 0% to 7.66% with an overall discrete increase of 0.66% during the period 1972 to 2014 in population studies (not statistically significant). This review supports a trend towards an increased prevalence of onychomycosis in children, albeit based on a paucity of studies. The data suggests an increasing prevalence of onychomycosis with age, and co-infection with tinea pedis (reported in 25% of the studies). The most common pathogen reported was Trichophyton rubrum and onychomycosis was more prevalent in toenails compared to fingernails. The general characteristics of onychomycosis in children are thus similar to those described in adults.
Subject(s)
Onychomycosis , Adult , Child , Humans , Nails , Onychomycosis/epidemiology , Prevalence , Tinea Pedis/epidemiology , TrichophytonABSTRACT
This is a case report of recurrent meningococcal infection in a young woman. She had no positive microbiological findings but was serologically diagnosed with the meningococcal antibody test. Investigation of the complement system showed no function of the terminal pathway. Further genetical analysis revealed a pathogen mutation in the C8B gene in the patient and her sister. They were both immunised with meningococcal vaccines. Complement deficiencies are rare but potentially fatal. Workup for complement deficiency is important for correct acute and prophylactic treatment.
Subject(s)
Meningitis, Meningococcal , Meningococcal Infections , Meningococcal Vaccines , Neisseria meningitidis , Female , Humans , Meningitis, Meningococcal/diagnosis , Meningococcal Infections/diagnosis , Meningococcal Infections/drug therapy , Mutation , Neisseria meningitidis/geneticsABSTRACT
In this case report, a 16-days-old boy presented with reduced feeding, vomiting, respiratory distress and pallor. He developed cardiogenic shock with cardiac arrest and was resuscitated. Echocardiography showed reduced left ventricular systolic function and he was diagnosed with enterovirus myocarditis since enterovirus RNA was found in the blood by polymerase chain reaction. After one month of hospitalization, the patient was discharged without any apparent sequelae. The condition is rare but associated with a high mortality. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is essential for survival.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections , Myocarditis , Echocardiography , Enterovirus Infections/complications , Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis , Heart Ventricles , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Myocarditis/complications , Myocarditis/diagnosis , Myocarditis/drug therapy , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiologySubject(s)
COVID-19 , Child , Humans , SARS-CoV-2 , Syndrome , Systemic Inflammatory Response SyndromeABSTRACT
In Denmark, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies were assessed in a cross-sectional study among 1033 children visiting pediatric departments and 750 blood donors in June 2020, using a point-of-care test. Antibodies were detected in 17 children (1.6%) and 15 blood donors (2.0%) (P = 0.58). In conclusion, children and adults were infected to a similar low degree.
