ABSTRACT
In this study, the mitogenome of Asio otus, the Northern Long-eared Owl, was analysed using Illumina next-generation sequencing. The mitogenome was found to be a circular molecule, 17,735 bp long with a slight AT bias (53.0%). The gene arrangement pattern was the same as that of a typical vertebrate, containing 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding control region). In the putative control region (1984 bp), there were two types of tandem repeats at the end of the region. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the 13 PCG sequences discovered in this study and those of that have been previously published of other Strigidae species and revealed a close relationship between A. otus and A. flammeus. The newly generated mitogenome from this study enriches the genomic resources available for future evolutionary studies and promotes conservation genetics of this species.
ABSTRACT
We present the complete mitochondrial genome and a phylogenetic analysis of Callorhinus ursinus, the northern fur seal, determined using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. The total length of the mitogenome was 17,154 bp, which consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one control region. The base composition of the entire mitogenome was 33.5% (A), 26.3% (C), 13.9% (G), and 26.3% (T) with an A + T bias of 59.8%. The control region contained two types of tandem repeats. A neighbour-joining (NJ) tree was constructed and comprised two clades with C. ursinus forming a monophyletic group. Data produced in this study will aid exploration of the genetic diversity of endangered C. ursinus and contribute to molecular identification of this species.
ABSTRACT
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of black kite, Milvus migrans, one of the most common diurnal raptor, was characterized using next generation sequencing. The whole genome size was 18,016 bp and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, a putative control region (CR), and a second control region (pseudo-CR). A frameshift mutation was found in the ND3 gene. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated monophyly of the subfamily Melieraxinae with high statistical support. The genetic resource obtained here will help to resolve taxonomic issues related to subspecies of M. migrans and will act as a starting point for conservation genetics.
ABSTRACT
The present study provides the first full mitochondrial genome sequence of a long-billed plover from South Korea. This mitogenome is 16,895 bp in length and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal-RNA genes, 22 transfer-RNA genes, and a non-coding control region. Overall, base composition was: A, 31.4%; C, 31.1%; G, 13.8%; and T, 23.8%. A frameshift mutation in the ND3 gene was identified and a tandem repeat (AACA) was observed in the D-loop region. The phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated coding genes indicated Charadriidae's monophyly. These results contribute to further understanding of long-billed plover phylogenetic relationships and species identification.
ABSTRACT
The Eurasian oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), Near Threatened in the IUCN red list, was designated classified endangered species II by the Ministry of Environment of Korea and a Natural Monument (No. 326) by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome (16,798 bp) of H. ostralegus was determined for the first time, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 non-coding region. The overall base composition was A (31.4%), C (31.3%), G (13.8%), and T (23.5%), so the percentage of A and T (54.9%) was slightly higher than that of G and C. A phylogenetic analysis using concatenated mitogenomes revealed that the family Haematopodidae has a closer relationship with the family Recurvirostridae and H. ostralegus and H. ater clustered together. The results are expected to provide useful resources for species identification and further phylogenetic studies of genus Haematopus.
ABSTRACT
The present study reports the complete mitochondrial genome of the Suwon tree frog Hyla suweonensis from South Korea. This endangered species is endemic to Korea. The circular mitogenome of H. suweonensis includes 16,895 bp length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding region, which is the typical gene arrangement found in the available Hylinae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis of six Hyla spp. mitochondrial genomes revealed that H. suweonensis is closer to H. tsinlingensis.
ABSTRACT
The complete mitogenome sequence of Anser cygnoides was determined and compared with those previously released. The whole mitogenome was 16,740 bp, with 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 1 putative non-coding region (1178 bp). The overall nucleotide composition was 30.2%, 32.0%, 15.1%, and 22.7% for A, C, G, and T, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses strongly supported two clades in Anserini and demonstrated that A. cygnoides is not monophylogenetic. This division of A. cygnoides indicates that more research is necessary to clarify phylogenetic relationships for A. cygnoides and determine how they relate to morphological traits.
ABSTRACT
The complete mitogenome of the Black Stork Ciconia nigra, obtained using a PCR-based method, is reported. It is 17,905 bp, slightly A + T biased (30.8% A, 31.5% C, 14.1% G, and 23.6% T), and comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 putative non-coding gene. The two kinds of tandem repeat units found in D-loop (2316 bp) generated a length polymorphism between this and the previously reported D-Loop of C. nigra from China (2206 bp). A frameshift mutation was observed in ND3. The phylogenetic analysis clustered C. nigra with other Ciconia species.
ABSTRACT
The Siberian musk deer, Moschus moschiferus, is an Endangered species in South Korea due to its decreasing population size caused by illegal hunting and habitat destruction. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of M. moschiferus was determined using next-generation sequencing. Total length of its mitogenome is 16,356 bp in length, encoding 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region. Its AT contents are 62.4%, which are higher than its GC contents (37.7%) (A, 34.1%; C, 24.9%; G, 12.8%; and T, 28.3%). Phylogenetic relationship of genus Moschus showed topologies similar to those reported in previous studies. Sequence comparison between two M. moschiferus from South Korea indicated high sequence variations with 122 nucleotide differences. These results provide useful information necessary for further phylogenetic studies of Moschus species.
ABSTRACT
The Japanese yellow bunting (Emberiza sulphurata) is considered to be an endangered species. Here, the complete mitochondrial genome of E. sulphurata (16,797 bp in length) was determined. The genome consists of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) and one control region (D-loop), and so is highly similar in architecture to the typical vertebrate mtDNA genome. The base composition of the mtDNA was A (29.9%), C (32.6%), G (14.5%), and T (23.0%), so the percentage of A and T (52.9%) was slightly higher than that of G and C. All the genes in E. sulphurata were encoded on the H-strand, except for the genes for the ND6 subunit and eight tRNAs, which were encoded on the L-stand. Phylogenetic analysis using Emberizidae mitogenomes revealed that E. sulphurata was grouped into the family Emberizidae and that E. spodocephala is the most closely related species.
