Factors Influencing Problem-Solving Competence of Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Problem-solving ability is an important competency for nursing students to enable them to solve various problems that occur in dynamic clinical settings. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify the factors that affect the problem-solving ability of nursing students. The subjects of this study were 192 nursing college students in their second year or beyond. The research tool consisted of an online questionnaire, with a total of 91 items regarding general characteristics, metacognition, and communication competence. Data collection was conducted from 10 to 30 March 2022. An online survey link was uploaded to the student group of a social network service from two nursing colleges that permitted data collection. Subjects who agreed to participate directly accessed and responded to the online survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the factors associated with the problem-solving ability of nursing students were examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The subjects' mean problem-solving ability score was 3.63 out of 5. Factors affecting problem-solving ability were age, communication competence, and metacognition, among which metacognition had the greatest influence. These variables explained 51.2% of the problem-solving ability of nursing students. Thus, it is necessary to provide guidance to improve metacognition and to develop educational methods to improve communication competence in curricular and non-curricular courses to improve the problem-solving ability of nursing students.

The mediating effects of digital literacy and self-efficacy on the relationship between learning attitudes and Ehealth literacy in nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: eHealth literacy (eHL) is considered an important competency among healthcare providers in healthcare systems, especially following the introduction of information and communication technologies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the relationship and direction of factors affecting nursing students' eHL in an online learning environment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: Three nursing colleges located in Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do in Korea. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 259 nursing students aged 18-29 years who lived in the Seoul metropolitan area. METHODS: Self-reported data on variables including attitudes toward online learning, digital literacy, self-efficacy, and eHL, were collected and analyzed using an independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance. The mediating effects were verified through the bootstrapping method using the PROCESS macro for SPSS. RESULTS: The results indicated that although attitudes toward online learning affected digital literacy, they did not directly influence eHL. Additionally, digital literacy and self-efficacy were also found to be associated with eHL and mediate the relationship between online learning attitudes and eHL. CONCLUSIONS: As online nursing education rapidly becomes commonplace due to the COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes toward online learning, digital literacy, and self-efficacy must be improved to enhance eHL.

Social Abuse in Intimate Partner Relationships: A Hybrid Concept Analysis.

Belongingness is a basic human need. The violation of this need has been described in numerous studies on intimate partner violence (IPV). However, it has not been conceptually defined. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and analyze the concept of social abuse in intimate partner relationships. A hybrid model of concept analysis was used for this study consisting of three phases: theoretical, fieldwork, and analytic. In the theoretical phase, a systematic literature review was performed to obtain a working definition of social abuse. In total, 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. The findings from the theoretical phase were refined and confirmed by qualitative data collected from the fieldwork phase. In the analytical phase, four attributes of social abuse emerged: cutting off the victim's social relations, limiting the victim's social engagement, interfering with the victim's social relations, and closely watching the victim's social interactions. Possessiveness, escalating suspicion, allegations of infidelity, and fear that the victim will leave were identified as antecedents of social abuse in perpetrators. Additionally, the experience of social abuse had negative consequences on victims' social relationships, mental health, and help-seeking behaviors. This study extends the theoretical framework of IPV and implies a strong need to educate victims and their social acquaintances on social abuse.

Self-Directed Learning versus Problem-Based Learning in Korean Nurse Education: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Effective teaching methods are vital for cultivating advanced professional skills in nurses and equipping them with the necessary training. Problem-based learning (PBL) and self-directed learning (SDL) have been consistently used in nurse education. Therefore, their effects on nursing students' academic performance warrant comparison. This study compared the effects of PBL and SDL on an adult nursing university curriculum. Participants in this quasi-experimental study with a pre-post non-equivalent control group design were 106 third-year nursing students divided into the PBL and SDL groups. Data collection, conducted from April to June 2019, included a pre-test before an eight-week intervention, followed by a post-test. Changes in the scores of each group were analyzed for learning motivation, self-directed learning ability, self-efficacy, learning confidence, learning satisfaction, and academic performance using paired and independent t-tests. The PBL group scored higher on learning motivation, self-directed learning ability, and academic performance than the SDL group. Based on these results, the PBL method was more effective than the SDL method in an adult nursing curriculum. To maximize the learning effect in adult nursing education, it is necessary to apply SDL education, including the PBL method, with a clearer learning process.

Factors Influencing Patient-Centeredness among Korean Nursing Students: Empathy and Communication Self-Efficacy.

In recent years, there is a growing tendency in the extent to which patients wish to be actively involved in processes related to their healthcare and relevant decision-making. This was a cross sectional study. We examined undergraduate nursing students' patient-centeredness and investigated its associated factors including empathy and communication self-efficacy using a structured questionnaire. A total of 201 undergraduate nursing students who provided written consent to participate in the study completed measures on patient-centeredness (sharing and caring), empathy (fantasy, perspective taking, personal distress, and empathic concern), and communication self-efficacy. The factors affecting patient-centeredness were analyzed using multiple regression. Communication self-efficacy affected patient-centered sharing, while age, empathy (fantasy, personal distress, empathic concern), and communication self-efficacy affected patient-centered caring. Empathy and communication self-efficacy positively affected patient-centeredness. Therefore, strategies that promote empathy and communication self-efficacy are needed to increase patient-centered care competency.

An Exploratory Study to Develop a Virtual Reality Based Simulation Training Program for Hypovolemic Shock Nursing Care: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Interview.

Although patients with hypovolemic shock are common in clinical practice, nursing students have little chance of coming across them during their practicum. The main focus of this qualitative study was to explore the elements essential for a virtual reality (VR) based simulation program for hypovolemic shock nursing care. To this end, we conducted focus group interviews with three expert groups of 15 (five from each group) experienced clinical nurses (≥10 years) with experience in hypovolemic shock nursing care. Data were collected in June and July 2020, and after transcribing the interviews, the data analysis involved theme development as part of qualitative content analysis. The exploratory research results were classified into five themes: experience of hypovolemic shock nursing care, determinants of patient prognosis, essential nursing competence, scenario construction, and direction for VR simulation program development. Based on their experience of hypovolemic shock nursing care, the participants suggested concrete development directions for scenarios and VR-based simulation training programs. This article proposes the development of a VR-based simulation program that reflects the exploratory research results of this study in order for nursing students to take an interest in hypovolemic shock nursing care and efficiently improve related skills.

"This Society Ignores Our Victimization": Understanding the Experiences of Korean Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as physical, psychological, and sexual violence that occurs in an intimate relationship. For the victims, it often leads to devastating consequences such as physical injuries and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research on IPV has been extensively conducted for several decades. However, most studies have focused on male-to-female perpetration, and men's victimization has been relatively neglected. This study aims to explore men's IPV experiences within the context of Korean society, which is characterized by strong gender norms that may impede efforts to understand how men are victimized. Eleven Korean male IPV victims participated in semi-structured phone or in-person interviews lasting 1 to 2 hr, all of which were audio-recorded and transcribed. The transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed using a phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi. In total, six themes were revealed in the data: (a) living with violence, (b) enduring the violent relationship, (c) feeling helpless, (d) ending the relationship, (e) suffering from trauma, and (f) perceiving male victimization in society. Our findings are meaningful in terms of demonstrating how masculinity in one society can shape the thoughts, emotions, reactions, and behaviors of male victims. These findings can be used to tailor outreach efforts and interventions to the unique experiences of Korean men.

Comparison of the efficacy of eyelid warming masks and artificial tears for dry eye symptoms in contact lens wearers.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of artificial tears and warm compress with an eyelid warming mask (EWM) in alleviating dry eye syndrome (DES) in contact lens wearers METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, active-controlled trial. Participants included 81 university students aged 19 or over, who had been wearing contact lenses for more than 1 year; they were randomly categorized into three groups. In the artificial tear group, one single-use artificial tear was administered every day as needed over a period of 4 weeks. In the EWM group, participants were instructed to apply a warm compress using a disposable EWM for 30 min before bedtime daily. Participants in the control group maintained their normal lifestyle without any treatment regimen. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Schirmer test scores for all participants were checked before the experiment and after 4 weeks. RESULTS: After treatment, the EWM and artificial tears group had significantly decreased OSDI scores compared with the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the former two groups. The post-treatment Schirmer test scores for the right eye did not differ between three groups, whereas those for the left eye were significantly higher in the two treatment groups than in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the EWN and artificial tears groups. CONCLUSION: Contact lens wearers who were instructed to apply a warm compress using EWM had significantly increased OSDI and Schirmer test scores, indicating that it has a positive effect on DES. In conclusion, applying a warm compress with EWM can be recommended as a treatment for DES in contact lens wearers who use lenses for an extended period.

Needs Assessment for a VR-Based Adult Nursing Simulation Training Program for Korean Nursing Students: A Qualitative Study Using Focus Group Interviews.

Virtual reality programs are being actively utilized in various education fields, but not many have been developed/used in nursing. This study aimed to explore the essential components and improvements needed in an adult nursing VR-based simulation training program for nursing students through focus group interviews (FGIs). This was a qualitative study. Fourteen nursing students from three cities in Korea who had experienced clinical practice and simulation training participated. They were divided into three FGIs. Data were collected from February-March 2020. We analyzed the data from the FGIs using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. In total, 40 themes emerged, divided into 13 theme clusters and the following four categories. When developing an adult nursing VR-based simulation training program, the development should focus on addressing the limitations of conventional clinical practice, and these should be analyzed; it should also reflect students' needs, including the following: provide an array of scenarios/skills to be trained; difficulty-specific learning scenarios; immediate feedback (e.g., those in computerized games); simulate emergency situations; simulate clinical cases that are difficult to experience in clinical practice; and allow for the training of patient-nurse communication skills.

[Development of an Instrument to Assess the Nursing Professional Pride].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to assess nursing professional pride. METHODS: Fifty-six preliminary items were identified through literature review and focus group interview of nurses working in a hospital. Of these, 45 preliminary instruments were completed over 0.80 of content validity index. To verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instrument, data were collected from 294 nurses. The data were analyzed using factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis. RESULTS: From the factor analysis, 27 significant items were divided into 5 subscales. These subscales were as follows: feeling of vocation, role satisfaction, role of problem solver, self-achievement, and willingness to stay. The nursing professional pride also established criterion-related validity, discriminant validity, and group validity. Cronbach's a of the instrument was .92, and the subscales ranged from .74 to .85. CONCLUSION: The developed scale for nursing professional pride shows validity and reliability. The significance of this study is the development of an instrument capable of measuring nursing professional pride. To verify the relevance of this instrument, conducting comparative studies is suggested.

Factors influencing eHealth literacy among Korean nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Successful online learning depends on the supported learner's attitude, motivation, and self-efficacy, along with their ability to use the flexibility and convenience of digital technology. As information and communications technology is introduced in healthcare, eHealth literacy (eHL) is becoming increasingly essential in nursing education. This study aimed to identify the eHL levels and the factors affecting eHL among nursing students. A survey was conducted among 205 nursing students from two colleges in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the factors associated with the eHL of nursing students were examined using multiple regression analysis. The eHL of nursing students, measured using the eHealth literacy scale, was found to be higher than in previous studies. Factors affecting eHL of nursing students were academic level, digital literacy toward information and communications technology for learning, and self-efficacy for online education. These factors accounted for 38.8% of the variability in eHL among nursing students. In order to improve the eHL of nursing students, nursing education should consider a multidimensional approach toward developing digital literacy and self-efficacy among them.

Factors influencing colonoscopy behaviour among Koreans with a positive faecal occult blood tests.

OBJECTIVE: Colonoscopy is important for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in individuals with a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBT). The purpose of the present study was to identify factors affecting the colonoscopy screening behaviour of FOBT-positive individuals, based on the health belief model (HBM). METHODS: This study involved a cross-sectional survey of 213 individuals aged 50 years or older who underwent CRC screening at a general hospital in Seoul, Korea, as part of the Korean National Cancer Screening Programme and who tested positive on FOBT. The questionnaire was created based on HBM instruments. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with adherence to colonoscopy were examined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the FOBT-positive individuals, 44.1% adhered to colonoscopy. Three of the six evaluated HBM-driven factors (perceived seriousness, perceived barriers and health motivation) significantly differed between colonoscopy-adherent and non-adherent subjects. Perceived seriousness and perceived barriers were the most important factors influencing colonoscopy screening behaviour. CONCLUSION: For early detection and prevention of CRC, colonoscopy screening behaviour should improve among FOBT-positive individuals. To this aim, education on the graveness of CRC should be provided, and barriers to CRC screening should be addressed.

Relationship between symptom clusters and quality of life in patients at stages 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease in Korea.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the relationship between symptom clusters and quality of life (QOL) in patients with stages 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Korea. METHODS: Using self-reported questionnaires, data were collected from 143 patients who underwent treatment for CKD at one hospital in Korea. The 17-item Patient Outcome Scale was used to measure symptoms, and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Instrument Version 2 (SF-36v2) was used to measure the QOL. Data were analyzed using factor analysis to draw symptom clusters. RESULTS: Among five symptom clusters, the energy insufficiency and pain cluster was found to have the highest prevalence and greatest severity. The severity of symptom clusters showed negative correlations with both physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS) scores. Elderly patients scored low on PCS, whereas younger patients in their 30s and 40s scored low on MCS. Negative correlations were found between symptom clusters and PCS as well as MCS. The severity of symptoms and QOL had stronger relationships with subjective perception of symptoms and psychological factors than with objective clinical indicators. CONCLUSION: As the effects of physical and psychological symptoms on the QOL in patients with stages 2 to 4 CKD were identified in this study, nurses should develop strategic nursing plans focused on symptom clusters and patients' subjective perception of symptoms rather than objective clinical indicators in order to improve the QOL in patients with CKD.