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1.
Molecules ; 26(9)2021 Apr 22.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33922050

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to remove 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and furfural, known as fermentation inhibitors, in acid pretreated hydrolysates (APH) obtained from Scenedesmus obliquus using activated carbon. Microwave-assisted pretreatment was used to produce APH containing glucose, xylose, and fermentation inhibitors (5-HMF, furfural). The response surface methodology was applied to optimize key detoxification variables such as temperature (16.5-58.5 °C), time (0.5-5.5 h), and solid-liquid (S-L) ratio of activated carbon (0.6-7.4 w/v%). Three variables showed significant effects on the removal of fermentation inhibitors. The optimum detoxification conditions with the maximum removal of fermentation inhibitors and the minimum loss of sugars (glucose and xylose) were as follows: temperature of 36.6 °C, extraction time of 3.86 h, and S-L ratio of 3.3 w/v%. Under these conditions, removal of 5-HMF, furfural, and sugars were 71.6, 83.1, and 2.44%, respectively, which agreed closely with the predicted values. When the APH and detoxified APH were used for ethanol fermentation by S. cerevisiae, the ethanol produced was 38.5% and 84.5% of the theoretical yields, respectively, which confirmed that detoxification using activated carbon was effective in removing fermentation inhibitors and increasing fermentation yield without significant removal of fermentable sugars.


Subject(s)
Biological Products/pharmacology , Fermentation/drug effects , Metabolic Detoxication, Phase I , Microalgae/chemistry , Biological Products/chemistry , Cellulose/chemistry , Ethanol/metabolism , Hydrolysis , Lignin/chemistry , Microalgae/metabolism , Sugars/metabolism , Temperature
2.
Surg Endosc ; 34(2): 696-706, 2020 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31062158

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is one of the major manifestations of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. Several studies have reported that GIST bleeding is associated with poor prognosis. However, only case reports have reported hemostasis modalities for treating hemorrhagic gastric GIST. To identify clinical outcome of gastric GIST bleeding, we analyzed risk factors and prognosis of hemorrhagic GIST evaluating hemostasis methods. METHODS: Total 697 patients histopathologically diagnosed with primary gastric GIST between January 1998 and May 2015 were enrolled to the study, retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 697 total patients, 46 (6.6%) patients had UGIB. Endoscopic intervention, transarterial embolization, or surgical intervention was performed for initial hemostasis in 15, 2, and 1, respectively. Over a median of 68 months of follow-up, 16 patients in bleeding group and 88 patients in non-bleeding group died; the 5-year survival rate was 79.4% in bleeding group and 91.8% in non-bleeding group (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors for gastric GIST bleeding included the maximal tumor diameter > 5 cm and Ki-67 positivity. Age ≥ 60 [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.124, p = 0.048], necrosis (HR = 5.093, p = 0.027), and bleeding (HR 5.743, p = 0.034) were significant factors for overall survival of gastric GIST patients. CONCLUSIONS: Bleeding risk of gastric GIST was higher when tumor had diameter > 5 cm or Ki-67 positivity. In addition, tumor bleeding, necrosis, and age ≥ 60 years were associated with poor overall survival. Endoscopic intervention can be considered as an effective method for initial hemostasis of hemorrhagic gastric GIST.


Subject(s)
Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors , Hemostasis, Surgical/methods , Ki-67 Antigen/analysis , Stomach Neoplasms , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/complications , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Factors , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Tumor Burden
3.
Clin Mol Hepatol ; 22(1): 172-6, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27044769

ABSTRACT

Portal biliopathy is defined as abnormalities in the extra- and intrahepatic ducts and gallbladder of patients with portal hypertension. This condition is associated with extrahepatic venous obstruction and dilatation of the venous plexus of the common bile duct, resulting in mural irregularities and compression of the biliary tree. Most patients with portal biliopathy remain asymptomatic, but approximately 10% of them advance to symptomatic abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are currently used as diagnostic tools because they are noninvasive and can be used to assess the regularity, length, and degree of bile duct narrowing. Management of portal biliopathy is aimed at biliary decompression and reducing the portal pressure. Portal biliopathy has rarely been reported in Korea. We present a symptomatic case of portal biliopathy that was complicated by cholangitis and successfully treated with biliary endoscopic procedures.


Subject(s)
Cholestasis/diagnosis , Hypertension, Portal/diagnosis , Stents , Abdomen/diagnostic imaging , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Portal Vein , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Clin Endosc ; 46(4): 399-402, 2013 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23964339

ABSTRACT

Bezoars are concretions of undigested material and are most often observed in the stomach. They can occur at any site in the gastrointestinal tract; however, duodenal localization is very rare. We report the case of a 71-year-old male who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and experienced severe epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain, and vomiting for a few days. An approximately 7×8 cm-sized mass was found on an abdominal computed tomography scan. On following endoscopy, a large bezoar was revealed in the duodenum and was removed using an endoscopic removal technique, assisted by a large amount of Coca-Cola infusion.

5.
Clin Endosc ; 46(3): 288-92, 2013 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23767042

ABSTRACT

It is well known that gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and have a good prognosis. However, although rare, these low-grade lymphomas transform to the high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) which are thought to be the important cause of death in patients with MALT lymphoma. We report two cases of DLBCLs in the cervical lymph nodes that occurred 10 years and 1.5 years after diagnosing low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas.

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