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1.
Korean J Fam Med ; 40(3): 159-164, 2019 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30466203

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association between physical fitness and cardiometabolic health of Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: In total, 168 participants (89 boys and 79 girls) aged 10-16 years were recruited for the Intervention for Childhood and Adolescent Obesity via Activity and Nutrition Study in 2016. The subjects were categorized into two groups using the definition of metabolic syndrome by the International Diabetes Federation: metabolically unhealthy (with at least two of the five criteria) and healthy groups (with less than one criterion). Correlation analysis of the participants' general characteristics was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) of physical fitness for cardiometabolic risk were evaluated via logistic regression. RESULTS: Metabolically unhealthy children showed greater weight, height, and body mass index, higher Children's Depression Inventory score, and longer screen time than did the metabolically healthy children. Metabolically healthy children showed greater upper and lower extremity muscular strength than did the metabolically unhealthy children (P=0.04 and P<0.001, respectively). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, lower extremity muscle strength was inversely related to the clustered cardiometabolic risk of the children and adolescents with or without adjustment for confounders (OR, 4.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-9.97; OR, 7.64; 95% CI, 1.55- 37.74, respectively). CONCLUSION: Physical fitness, especially lower extremity muscle strength, is significantly inversely associated with individual and clustered cardiometabolic risks in Korean children and adolescents.

2.
J Chemother ; 27(3): 174-80, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25604244

ABSTRACT

The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin is widely used for treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is an anti-apoptotic protein that is overexpressed in cancer cells and confers resistance to cisplatin. Thus, inhibition of Bcl-2 expression may enhance the cisplatin sensitivity of cancer cells. In this study, we report that the AU-rich element (ARE) binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) inhibits the expression of Bcl-2 and enhances cisplatin sensitivity of HNSCC cells. Cisplatin-sensitive HNSCC cells express high levels of TTP and low levels of Bcl-2, while cisplatin-resistant HNSCC cells have low levels of TTP and high levels of Bcl-2. Inhibition of TTP expression using siRNA increases levels of Bcl-2 and decreases cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC cells. On the contrary, overexpression of TTP decreases Bcl-2 expression and increases sensitivity to cisplatin. Together, the results of the present study suggest that TTP expression enhances cisplatin sensitivity in HNSCC cells by reducing levels of Bcl-2.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis/drug effects , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism , Tristetraprolin/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Blotting, Western , Cell Proliferation , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Humans , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Small Interfering/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tristetraprolin/genetics , Tumor Cells, Cultured
3.
Int J Cancer ; 122(3): 672-80, 2008 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17955488

ABSTRACT

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previously, we have reported that cisplatin induced an early caspase-dependent apoptosis (8 hr) in a HNSCC cell, HN4. In this study, we examined a late caspase-independent apoptosis as well as an early caspase-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HN4 cells. While z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, blocked the caspase activities and protected cells from the early apoptosis, it did not provide protection against delayed apoptosis occurring after extended exposure (16 hr) to cisplatin, suggesting that the delayed apoptotic response in the presence of z-VAD-fmk was caspase-independent. Cisplatin treatment induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and nuclear translocation of endonuclease G (EndoG). Small interfering RNA mediated-knockdown of EndoG significantly protected cells from the delayed apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in HN4 cells prevented loss of MMP, nuclear translocation of EndoG and protected cells from the delayed apoptosis induced by cisplatin in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. Pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, prevented both ROS generation, loss of the MMP and nuclear translocation of EndoG. Together, our data indicate that cisplatin treatment induced ROS-mediated loss of the MMP, and, then, the nuclear translocation of EndoG, which played a crucial role in caspase-independent apoptosis of HN4 cells in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. This is the first report about the involvement of EndoG in cisplatin-induced caspase-independent apoptosis of cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Caspases/metabolism , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Endodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Cytochromes c/metabolism , Endodeoxyribonucleases/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects , Mitochondria/drug effects , Mitochondria/metabolism , Protein Transport , RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Subcellular Fractions
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