Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis?

This study aimed to compare the proteomic profile of stimulated and unstimulated saliva samples from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis. Pregnant women were allocated into four groups: with obesity and periodontitis (OP); with obesity but without periodontitis (OWP); with normal BMI but with periodontitis (NP); with normal BMI and without periodontitis (NWP). Stimulated saliva (SS) and unstimulated saliva (US) samples were collected, and salivary proteins were extracted and individually processed by proteomic analysis (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Proteins involved with the immune response process, antioxidant activity, and retina homeostasis were decreased or absent in SS samples from all groups (i.e., Antileukoproteinase, Lysozyme C, Alpha-2-macroglobulin-like protein 1, Heat shock proteins-70 kDa 1-like, 1A, 1B, 6, Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2, Putative Heat shock 70 kDa protein 7, Heat shock cognate 71 kDa). Additionally, proteins related to the carbohydrate metabolic process and glycolytic and glucose metabolic process were absent in SS, mainly from OP and OWP (i.e., Frutose-bisphosphate aldose A, Glusoce-6-phosphate isomerase, Pyruvate kinase). Saliva stimulation decreased important proteins involved with immune response and inflammation process in all groups. Unstimulated salivary samples seem to be the best choice for the proteomic approach in pregnant women.

Periodontal status and quality of life in pregnant women with both overweight/obesity and hypertension: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the periodontal condition and quality of life of pregnant women affected with both overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pregnant women were dived into three groups: with overweight/obesity and hypertension (G1 = 23), with overweight/obesity without hypertension (G2 = 31) and with normal BMI and without hypertension (G3 = 38). They were evaluated regarding: contextual variables (age, socioeconomic level and anthropometric parameters); periodontal status; and quality of life (adapted version of Oral Health Impact Profile - OHIP-14). ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square and binary logistic regression model were adopted (p< 0.05). RESULTS: There were no intergroup differences for age (p = 0.700), education level (p = 0.119) and gestational weight gain (p = 0.415), nevertheless G2 differed from G3 regarding household monthly income (p = 0.040). G2 had higher prevalence of bleeding on probing than G3 (p = 0.001), but G1 and G2 presented higher prevalence of periodontitis (p< 0.001). Household monthly income (adjusted OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.52 - 0.98; p = 0.038) and hypertension (adjusted OR = 3.70; 95% CI = 1.16 - 11.80; p = 0.026) remained in the final logistic regression model [X2(4) = 21.79; p = 0.0002; R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.284]. G1 showed worse impact on quality of life, mainly regarding physical pain (p< 0 .001), psychological discomfort (p< 0 .001), physical disability (p< 0 .001), social disability (p = 0.005) and handicap (p< 0 .001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, maternal excessive weight is associated with periodontitis during pregnancy. Moreover, the presence of hypertension in overweight pregnant women seems to be determinant to negatively influence their quality of life, resulting in physical, psychological and social damages. Key words:Hypertension, obesity, overweight, periodontitis, quality of life.

Periodontal status of women with excessive gestational weight gain and the association with their newborns' health.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association between high gestational weight gain and systemic and periodontal status of women between the 32nd and 36th gestational weeks of pregnancy (T1) and after delivery (T2), and the association of these factors with newborns' health. METHODS: The sample was divided into excessive gestational weight gain (GE = 25) and normal gestational weight gain (GN = 25) and was evaluated regarding: (i) socio-economic status; (ii) systemic and periodontal status; and (iii) newborns' health. The results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, the t-test, the Friedman test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Cochran's Q test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Women with GE had lower household income (P = 0.010) and higher body mass index (BMI) at both T1 and T2. The prevalence of hypertension at T1 was higher in women with GE, but the condition resolved post-delivery (P = 0.001). Worsening in oral hygiene was observed at T2 in both groups (P < 0.001). Sixty-eight percent of women with GE and 16% of women with GN had periodontitis at T1, and 52% and 12%, respectively, had periodontitis at T2. In women with GE, the BMI of newborns was higher (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: Women with high gestational weight gain also showed a high prevalence of hypertension and periodontitis during pregnancy, and persistent periodontitis after delivery. High gestational weight gain was related to high BMI of newborns.

Association between excessive maternal weight, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and infants' health at birth.

INTRODUCTION: Excessive weight is associated with periodontitis because of inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue. Periodontal impairments can occur during pregnancy due to association between high hormonal levels and inadequate oral hygiene. Moreover, periodontitis and excessive weight during pregnancy can negatively affect an infant's weight at birth. OBJECTIVE: This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the infants' birth weight. METHODOLOGY: The sample set was divided into 2 groups according to the preconception body mass index: obesity/overweight (G1=50) and normal weight (G2=50). Educational level, monthly household income, and systemic impairments during pregnancy were assessed. Pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained to analyze periodontitis. The children's birth weight was classified as low (<2.5 kg), insufficient (2.5-2.999 kg), normal (3-3.999 kg), or excessive (≥4 kg). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, chi-squared test) and logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio) were performed (p<0.05). RESULTS: G1 showed lower socioeconomic levels and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy than G2 (p=0.002). G1 showed higher means of PPD and CAL (p=0.041 and p=0.039, respectively) and therefore a higher prevalence of periodontitis than G2 (p=0.0003). G1 showed lower infants' birth weight than G2 (p=0.0004). Excessive maternal weight and educational levels were independent variables associated with periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy (X2[2]=23.21; p<0.0001). Maternal overweight/obesity was also associated with low/insufficient birth weight (X2[1]=7.01; p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest an association between excessive pre-pregnancy weight, maternal periodontitis, and low/insufficient birth weight.

Systemic conditions and oral health-related quality of life of pregnant women of normal weight and who are overweight.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated systemic and periodontal conditions and their association with quality of life in women in the third trimester of pregnancy, assisted by the Brazilian public health-care system, with excessive and normal weight. METHODS: Fifty pregnant women were allocated into two groups according to their pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): excessive (GE; n = 25; BMI ≥ 25.00 kg/m2 ); and normal (GN; n = 25; 18.00 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.99 kg/m2 ). Thereafter, variables such as socio-economic level, anthropometric parameters (body mass index and gestational weight gain), systemic conditions, periodontal status, and oral health-related quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14), were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups in schooling level, monthly household income and gestational weight gain (P > 0.05). The GE group showed a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (P = 0.018), sought dental services less frequently (P = 0.035), had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (P = 0.011), and had a higher OHIP-14 overall score (P = 0.004) characterised by physical and psychological impact. In the final binary logistic regression models, high maternal BMI was associated with arterial hypertension and periodontitis during pregnancy, while periodontitis was strongly associated with moderate and high impact on quality of life. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women in the third trimester with excessive weight, assisted by the Brazilian public health-care system, presented with a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, worse periodontal conditions and consequent high impact on quality of life.

Evaluation of systemic conditions, tooth loss, body image, and quality of life of women with obesity and women who underwent gastric bypass surgery.

AIM: To evaluate the systemic conditions, tooth loss, oral health, body image perceptions, and quality of life of women with obesity and women who underwent bypass surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty women were classified into the gastric bypass (G1, n = 30) and obesity (G2, n = 30) groups, and their systemic condition, oral health perception, oral hygiene, tooth loss, body image perception (Stunkard scale), and quality of life (WHOQOL-bref) were evaluated. The t-test, Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis (P < .05). G2 presented higher prevalence of hypertension (P = .020) and G1 higher prevalence of anemia (P = .040). G2 demonstrated less favorable perceptions of oral health, primarily associated with chewing (P = .0007) and speech (P = .005), and a lower frequency of dental floss usage (P = .047); however, there were no intergroup differences regarding the prevalence of missing teeth (P = .180). G1 demonstrated greater satisfaction with regard to their body image (P < .0001), contrary to those in G2, who negatively perceived the same (P = .001), particularly considering the physical, psychological, and environmental parameters (P < .05). CONCLUSION: High body mass index (BMI) indicated a higher prevalence of hypertension and a negative impact on oral health perception and quality of life. However, bariatric surgery was associated with a positive body image perception and quality-of-life parameters.

Association between excessive maternal weight, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and infants' health at birth

Abstract Excessive weight is associated with periodontitis because of inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue. Periodontal impairments can occur during pregnancy due to association between high hormonal levels and inadequate oral hygiene. Moreover, periodontitis and excessive weight during pregnancy can negatively affect an infant's weight at birth. Objective This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the infants' birth weight. Methodology The sample set was divided into 2 groups according to the preconception body mass index: obesity/overweight (G1=50) and normal weight (G2=50). Educational level, monthly household income, and systemic impairments during pregnancy were assessed. Pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained to analyze periodontitis. The children's birth weight was classified as low (<2.5 kg), insufficient (2.5-2.999 kg), normal (3-3.999 kg), or excessive (≥4 kg). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, chi-squared test) and logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio) were performed (p<0.05). Results G1 showed lower socioeconomic levels and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy than G2 (p=0.002). G1 showed higher means of PPD and CAL (p=0.041 and p=0.039, respectively) and therefore a higher prevalence of periodontitis than G2 (p=0.0003). G1 showed lower infants' birth weight than G2 (p=0.0004). Excessive maternal weight and educational levels were independent variables associated with periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy (X2[2]=23.21; p<0.0001). Maternal overweight/obesity was also associated with low/insufficient birth weight (X2[1]=7.01; p=0.008). Conclusion The present findings suggest an association between excessive pre-pregnancy weight, maternal periodontitis, and low/insufficient birth weight.

Systemic and oral conditions of pregnant women with excessive weight assisted in a private health system.

OBJECTIVE: This observational cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate systemic and oral conditions in pregnant women with excessive pre-pregnancy weight (PEW) and normal pre-pregnancy weight (PNW) who underwent follow-up in the private healthcare system during the third trimester of pregnancy. METHODS: Fifty pregnant women were evaluated from August 2017 to February 2018 and divided into two groups: women with PEW (n = 25); and those with PNW (n = 25). Their weight and body mass index (BMI), periodontal disease status, stimulated salivary flow, and systemic condition were evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using t-test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test and binary logistic regression (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The groups did not differ in age, educational level or monthly household income (P > 0.05). The PEW group had a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (P = 0.019) and excessive weight gain during gestation (P = 0.010), sought dental services less frequently, and had increased severity of periodontitis (P < 0.0001). Both groups presented low salivary flow, with no intergroup difference. In the final binary logistic regression models, high maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was a significant predictor of arterial hypertension and periodontitis during the third trimester of gestation; maternal excessive weight gain was also a significant predictor of periodontitis during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Women with PEW who underwent follow-up in a private healthcare system had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and worse periodontal status during the third trimester of pregnancy as compared to women with normal weight.