Fatores associados à experimentação do tabaco entre escolares adolescentes / Factors associated with tobacco experimentation among adolescents students

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à experimentação do tabaco entre adolescentes do Ensino Fundamental. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, com 186 participantes entre os 11 aos 19 anos de idade de uma escola pública do Ensino Fundamental. Preencheu-se um questionário autoaplicável estruturado, com itens do instrumento "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016", adaptado para o contexto brasileiro. Organizaram-se os dados em planilha eletrônica do Microsoft Excel 2010 para posterior análise descritiva e estatística, com o auxílio do SPSS. Resultados: relatou-se, pela maioria, ter amigos que fumam e que não é permitido fumar em suas casas. Evidenciou-se que a idade, o ano escolar e o número de amigos que fumam foram os aspectos significativamente associados à experimentação de produtos do tabaco. Conclusão: salienta-se que esses resultados podem se constituir em elementos que subsidiem programas educacionais antitabagismo nas escolas, e contribuir para o fomento de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção do contato de adolescentes com os produtos do tabaco, de modo a impactar positivamente a saúde dos jovens e diminuir a possibilidade da experimentação de drogas ilícitas.(AU)

Objective: to identify factors associated with tobacco experimentation among elementary school adolescents. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study, with 186 participants between 11 and 19 years old from a public elementary school. A self-administered structured questionnaire was filled out with items from the "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016" instrument, adapted to the Brazilian context. The data was organized in a Microsoft Excel 2010 spreadsheet for further descriptive and statistical analysis, with the help of SPSS. Results: it was reported, by the majority, to have friends who smoke and that smoking is not allowed in their homes. It was found that age, school year and the number of friends who smoke were aspects significantly associated with experimenting with tobacco products. Conclusion: it is emphasized that these results can constitute elements that subsidize educational anti-smoking programs in schools, and contribute to the promotion of public policies aimed at preventing the contact of adolescents with tobacco products, in order to positively impact health of young people and decrease the possibility of experimenting with illicit drugs.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con la experimentación de tabaco entre los adolescentes de primaria. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, con 186 participantes de entre 11 y 19 años de una escuela primaria pública. Se rellenó un cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado con elementos del instrumento "California Tobacco Survey 2015-2016", adaptado al contexto brasileño. Los datos se organizaron en una hoja de cálculo de Microsoft Excel 2010 para su posterior análisis descriptivo y estadístico, con la ayuda de SPSS. Resultados: se informó, por mayoría, tener amigos que fuman y que no está permitido fumar en sus hogares. Se descubrió que la edad, el año escolar y la cantidad de amigos que fuman eran aspectos significativamente asociados con la experimentación de productos de tabaco. Conclusión: se enfatiza que estos resultados pueden constituir elementos que subsidian los programas educativos contra el tabaquismo en las escuelas y contribuyen a la promoción de políticas públicas destinadas a prevenir el contacto de los adolescentes con los productos del tabaco, a fin de impactar positivamente la salud de los jóvenes y reducir la posibilidad de experimentar drogas ilícitas.(AU)

Nursing approach to tobacco users in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the experience of nurses in the approach to tobacco users in primary health care services. METHOD: Qualitative, phenomenological research with 15 nurses who were interviewed between January and March 2017. Their speeches were analyzed and classified into categories. RESULTS: the approach by nurses to tobacco users is performed in an individual and unsystematic manner and in operative groups in accordance with the principles of the cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is a complex approach due to issues related to users themselves and to human, material, and structural resources. The expectations of nurses include supporting smoking cessation and expanding the tobacco use prevention work in educational environments. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this study points out that nurses need to use the nursing care systematization in coordination with the recommendations of policies aimed at tobacco use control to perform their role in the promotion, control, and reduction of health complications in tobacco users.

Nursing approach to tobacco users in primary health care / Abordaje del enfermero a los fumadores en atención primaria de salud / Abordagem do enfermeiro aos usuários tabagistas na Atenção Primária à Saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of nurses in the approach to tobacco users in primary health care services. Method: Qualitative, phenomenological research with 15 nurses who were interviewed between January and March 2017. Their speeches were analyzed and classified into categories. Results: the approach by nurses to tobacco users is performed in an individual and unsystematic manner and in operative groups in accordance with the principles of the cognitive-behavioral therapy. This is a complex approach due to issues related to users themselves and to human, material, and structural resources. The expectations of nurses include supporting smoking cessation and expanding the tobacco use prevention work in educational environments. Final considerations: this study points out that nurses need to use the nursing care systematization in coordination with the recommendations of policies aimed at tobacco use control to perform their role in the promotion, control, and reduction of health complications in tobacco users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia del enfermero en el abordaje a los fumadores en atención primaria de salud. Método: Investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica con 15 enfermeros entrevistadas entre enero y marzo de 2017. Testimonios analizados y organizados en categorías. Resultados: El acercamiento de las enfermeras al fumador se realiza de forma individual y asistemática y en grupos operativos siguiendo los principios de la terapia cognitivo-conductual. Este enfoque es complejo debido a cuestiones relacionadas con el fumador y con los recursos humanos, materiales y estructurales. Las expectativas de las enfermeras incluyen apoyar la cesación tabáquica y expandir el trabajo de prevención del tabaquismo en entornos educativos. Consideraciones finales: Se señala la necesidad de que las enfermeras adecuen la sistematización de la atención de enfermería articulada a las recomendaciones de las políticas de control del tabaquismo, cumpliendo su rol en la promoción, control y reducción de los problemas de salud de los fumadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a experiência do enfermeiro na abordagem aos usuários tabagistas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica, com 15 enfermeiros entrevistados entre janeiro e março de 2017. Os depoimentos foram analisados e organizados em categorias. Resultados: a abordagem dos enfermeiros ao usuário tabagista é realizada de modo individual e assistemático e em grupos operativos seguindo os princípios da terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Essa abordagem é complexa por causa de questões relativas ao próprio usuário e aos recursos humanos, materiais e estruturais. As expectativas dos enfermeiros incluem apoiar a cessação do tabagismo e expandir o trabalho de prevenção do uso do tabaco em espaços educativos. Considerações finais: aponta-se a necessidade de o enfermeiro apropriar-se da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem articulada às recomendações das políticas voltadas para o controle do tabagismo, com vistas a cumprir seu papel na promoção, no controle e na diminuição dos agravos à saúde dos usuários tabagistas.

Maintenance of tobacco withdrawal by former smokers: a phenomenological study. / Manutenção da abstinência do tabaco por ex-fumantes: estudo fenomenológico.

OBJECTIVE To understand the experience of former smokers maintaining tobacco abstinence. METHODS Qualitative research using the theoretical-methodological reference of the Social Phenomenology, as defined by Alfred Schütz. The phenomenological interview was carried out in 2016 with 12 former smokers from a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The statements were organized into categories and discussed based on the literature. RESULTS The maintenance of tobacco abstinence was revealed in the categories: "Health, sociability, and financial gains"; "Living with the urge to smoke and with the increase of body weight"; "Self-determination and use of replacement strategies"; and "Staying away from cigarettes." CONCLUSIONS These results alert health professionals to the need to provide support to former smokers so they can remain smoke-free. This implies considering not only the negative effects of the tobacco abstinence, but also the social context in which former smokers are inserted that might have an impact on the maintenance or not of the cigarette withdrawal.

Manutenção da abstinência do tabaco por ex-fumantes: estudo fenomenológico / Mantenimiento de la abstinencia del tabaco por los exfumadores: estudio fenomenológico / Maintenance of tobacco withdrawal by former smokers: a phenomenological study

Resumo OBJETIVO Compreender a vivência de ex-fumantes acerca da manutenção da abstinência do tabaco. MÉTODOS Pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou o referencial teórico-metodológico da Fenomenologia Social de Alfred Schütz. Realizou-se a entrevista fenomenológica em 2016 com 12 ex-fumantes de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e discutidos com base na literatura. RESULTADOS A manutenção da abstinência do tabaco foi revelada nas categorias: "Ganhos na saúde, sociabilidade e finanças"; "Convívio com a vontade de fumar e com o aumento do peso corpóreo"; "Autodeterminação e utilização de estratégias substitutivas" e "Manter-se longe do cigarro". CONCLUSÕES Estes resultados alertam os profissionais de saúde para a necessidade de apoiar ex-fumantes a manter-se nesta condição. Isso implica considerar não só os efeitos negativos da abstinência tabágica, como também o contexto social em que o ex-fumante está inserido, que poderá influenciar na manutenção ou não da abstinência do cigarro.

Resumen OBJETIVOS Comprender la experiencia de ex-fumadores con respecto a mantener la abstinencia al tabaco. MÉTODOS Investigación cualitativa que utilizó la Fenomenología Social de Alfred Schütz. Se llevó a cabo la entrevista fenomenológica en 2016 con 12 ex-fumadores de una ciudad de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los testimonios fueron organizados en categorías y discutidos con base en la literatura. RESULTADOS Se revelaron las categorías: "Las ganancias em la salud, la sociabilidad y la financiación"; "La convivencia com el deseo de fumar y aumento del peso corporal"; "La autodeterminación y el uso de estrategias sustitutivas" y "Para permanecer fuera de los cigarrillos". CONCLUSIONES Estos resultados llaman la atención de los profesionales de la salud hacia la necesidad de apoyar a los ex-fumadores parapermanecer libres de tabaco. Esto implica considerar no sólo los efectos negativos de la abstinencia de fumar sino el contexto social en el que se inserta el ex-fumador, el cualpuede influir en el mantenimiento o no de la abstinencia al cigarrillo.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To understand the experience of former smokers maintaining tobacco abstinence. METHODS Qualitative research using the theoretical-methodological reference of the Social Phenomenology, as defined by Alfred Schütz. The phenomenological interview was carried out in 2016 with 12 former smokers from a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The statements were organized into categories and discussed based on the literature. RESULTS The maintenance of tobacco abstinence was revealed in the categories: "Health, sociability, and financial gains"; "Living with the urge to smoke and with the increase of body weight"; "Self-determination and use of replacement strategies"; and "Staying away from cigarettes." CONCLUSIONS These results alert health professionals to the need to provide support to former smokers so they can remain smoke-free. This implies considering not only the negative effects of the tobacco abstinence, but also the social context in which former smokers are inserted that might have an impact on the maintenance or not of the cigarette withdrawal.

Epidemiologic profile and quality of life of patients treated for oral cancerin Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Objectives: To assess the quality of life of patients treated for oral cancer, analyzing their physical, social/family,functional and emotional well-being; to identify socioeconomic and clinical functional variables that maypotentially influence their quality of life; to describe the patients’ epidemiologic profile (sex and age) and tumorfeatures (histopathology, anatomical location and stage); to identify the frequency of risk factors associated withthe malignancy. Study design: Observational cross-sectional study-case series study undertaken in 2 cancer treatmentinstitutions in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2000 and 2007. Results: Of the 88 registered oralcancer patients, 16 were selected for the study sample. The majority of the study sample (87%) included males,with a mean age of 57.06 years; 43.8% were retired; 50% had not completed elementary education. Most (56.3%)had a monthly income of less than the minimum wage. Most (83.7%) smoked before cancer diagnosis and 43.8%from this sample continued to smoke after treatment. In addition, those who drank alcohol before treatmentcontinued drinking (31.3%). The tongue was the predominant anatomic site (37.5%). The patients’ quality of lifescore was fair; the best result was for emotional well-being. Conclusions: Despite the limitations imposed by lowsurvival, it was possible to evaluate the quality of life of these patients. Patients having a family income higherthan the minimum monthly wage scored significantly better in final indexes FACT-G and FACT-HN than thosewith a lower income (AU)

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