ABSTRACT
A new sobemovirus, which we have named "mimosa mosaic virus" (MimMV), was found by high-throughput sequencing and isolated from a mimosa (Mimosa sensitiva L.) plant. The genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and comprises 4595 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis based on the predicted amino acid (aa) sequences of the P2b protein (encoded by ORF2b) and the coat protein showed 52.7% and 31.8% aa sequence identity, respectively, to those of blueberry shoestring virus. The complete genome sequence of MimMV was less than 47% identical to those of other sobemoviruses. These data suggest that MimMV is a member of a new species in the genus Sobemovirus, for which the binomial name "Sobemovirus mimosae" is proposed.
Subject(s)
Mimosa , Mosaic Viruses , RNA Viruses , Mimosa/genetics , Phylogeny , Genome, Viral , RNA Viruses/genetics , Mosaic Viruses/genetics , Plant Diseases , Open Reading Frames , RNA, Viral/genetics , RNA, Viral/chemistryABSTRACT
A cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named "patchouli chlorosis-associated cytorhabdovirus" (PCaCV), was identified in a patchouli plant, using high-throughput sequencing, and its genome sequence was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The PCaCV genome consists of 12,913 nucleotides and contains six open reading frames in the order 3'-N-P'-P-P3-M-(G)-L-5'. The glycoprotein gene was found to contain stop codons in the coding frame; hence, this gene is considered defective. PCaCV is most closely related to tomato yellow mottle-associated virus, sharing 61.1% nucleotide sequence identity in the complete genome and 73.9% amino acid sequence identity in the L protein. These data suggest that PCaCV should be considered a new member of the genus Cytorhabdovirus, and the binomial species name "Cytorhabdovirus patchoulii" is proposed.
Subject(s)
Begomovirus , Pogostemon , Rhabdoviridae , Genome, Viral , Pogostemon/genetics , Plant Diseases , Phylogeny , Rhabdoviridae/genetics , Begomovirus/genetics , Open Reading Frames , RNA, Viral/geneticsABSTRACT
The complete nucleotide sequence of a new member of the family Potyviridae, which we propose to name "Arachis virus Y" (ArVY), is reported from forage peanut plants (Arachis pintoi) exhibiting virus-like symptoms. The ArVY positive-sense RNA genome is 9,213 nucleotides long and encodes a polyprotein with 2,947 amino acids that is predicted to be cleaved into 10 mature proteins. The complete single open reading frame (ORF) of ArVY shares 47% and 34% nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with the closest related virus, soybean yellow shoot virus. Electron microscopic analysis revealed elongated viral particles typical of those found in plant cells infected with potyviruses.
Subject(s)
Arachis/virology , Genome, Viral , Phylogeny , Potyviridae/genetics , RNA, Viral/genetics , Viral Proteins/genetics , Brazil , Open Reading Frames , Plant Diseases/virology , Plant Leaves/virology , Potyviridae/classification , Potyviridae/isolation & purification , Potyviridae/ultrastructure , Virion/genetics , Virion/isolation & purification , Virion/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Chlorotic spots have been observed in plants of Clerodendrum x speciosum growing in residential gardens and parks in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Thin sections of diseased tissues revealed characteristic cytopathic effects of the nuclear type of the Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) mite-transmitted viruses (BTrV). Brevipalpus mites, identified as B. phoenicis, infesting symptomatic C. x speciosum plants transmitted the pathogen to healthy C. x speciosum and to C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi and Tetragonia expansa causing chlorotic spots on their leaves. Mechanical inoculation using leaf extracts from infected C. x speciosum resulted in chlorotic spots on inoculated C. x speciosum, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus and T. expansa leaves. C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa kept at 28 - 30°C became systemically infected. The same cytopathic effects caused by the nuclear type of BTrV were seen in tissues from all infected test plants by electron microscopy. The virus was purified from systemically infected leaves of C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa. A polyclonal antiserum obtained from an immunized rabbit presented a strong reaction with the homologous antigen in ELISA tests. The results suggest that this chlorotic spot disease of C. x speciosum is caused by a new species of the nuclear type of BTrV, tentatively named Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV).
Manchas cloróticas e necróticas foram observadas em folhas de várias plantas de coração-sangrento (Clerodendrum x speciosum) cultivadas em parques e jardins em Piracicaba, SP, associadas à infestação pelo ácaro tenuipalpídeo Brevipalpus phoenicis. Exames preliminares de secções de tecido das manchas cloróticas ao microscópio eletrônico revelaram a ocorrência de efeitos citopáticos característicos dos induzidos pelos vírus do tipo nuclear, transmitido por ácaros Brevipalpus (VTB). Brevipalpus phoenicis coletados de C. x speciosum sintomático e transferidos para plantas sadias de C. x speciosum reproduziram as lesões. O ácaro também transmitiu o patógeno para C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi e Tetragonia expansa, as quais exibiram manchas cloróticas e/ou necróticas. O vírus também foi transmitido mecanicamente para Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus e T. expansa, além de C. x speciosum. Plantas de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa mantidas a 28 - 30ºC desenvolveram infecção sistêmica. Em todos os tecidos sintomáticos das plantas-teste inoculadas, examinados ao microscópio eletrônico, foram encontrados efeitos citopáticos do tipo nuclear causado por VTB. O vírus foi purificado a partir de folhas com infecção sistêmica de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa. Injeções de preparações purificadas em coelho geraram um anti-soro policlonal que reagiu especificamente com o antígeno homólogo em teste de ELISA. As evidências obtidas indicam que as manchas cloróticas do Clerodendrum estão associadas a um VTB do tipo nuclear, tentativamente denominado de vírus da mancha clorótica do Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus- ClCSV).
ABSTRACT
Chlorotic spots have been observed in plants of Clerodendrum x speciosum growing in residential gardens and parks in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Thin sections of diseased tissues revealed characteristic cytopathic effects of the nuclear type of the Brevipalpus (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) mite-transmitted viruses (BTrV). Brevipalpus mites, identified as B. phoenicis, infesting symptomatic C. x speciosum plants transmitted the pathogen to healthy C. x speciosum and to C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi and Tetragonia expansa causing chlorotic spots on their leaves. Mechanical inoculation using leaf extracts from infected C. x speciosum resulted in chlorotic spots on inoculated C. x speciosum, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus and T. expansa leaves. C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa kept at 28 - 30°C became systemically infected. The same cytopathic effects caused by the nuclear type of BTrV were seen in tissues from all infected test plants by electron microscopy. The virus was purified from systemically infected leaves of C. amaranticolor and C. quinoa. A polyclonal antiserum obtained from an immunized rabbit presented a strong reaction with the homologous antigen in ELISA tests. The results suggest that this chlorotic spot disease of C. x speciosum is caused by a new species of the nuclear type of BTrV, tentatively named Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus (ClCSV).
Manchas cloróticas e necróticas foram observadas em folhas de várias plantas de coração-sangrento (Clerodendrum x speciosum) cultivadas em parques e jardins em Piracicaba, SP, associadas à infestação pelo ácaro tenuipalpídeo Brevipalpus phoenicis. Exames preliminares de secções de tecido das manchas cloróticas ao microscópio eletrônico revelaram a ocorrência de efeitos citopáticos característicos dos induzidos pelos vírus do tipo nuclear, transmitido por ácaros Brevipalpus (VTB). Brevipalpus phoenicis coletados de C. x speciosum sintomático e transferidos para plantas sadias de C. x speciosum reproduziram as lesões. O ácaro também transmitiu o patógeno para C. thomsonae, Gomphrena globosa, Hibiscus cannabinus, H. coccineus, H. schizopetalus, Salvia leucantha, Spathiphyllum wallasi e Tetragonia expansa, as quais exibiram manchas cloróticas e/ou necróticas. O vírus também foi transmitido mecanicamente para Chenopodium amaranticolor, C. quinoa, G. globosa, H. cannabinus, H. coccineus e T. expansa, além de C. x speciosum. Plantas de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa mantidas a 28 - 30ºC desenvolveram infecção sistêmica. Em todos os tecidos sintomáticos das plantas-teste inoculadas, examinados ao microscópio eletrônico, foram encontrados efeitos citopáticos do tipo nuclear causado por VTB. O vírus foi purificado a partir de folhas com infecção sistêmica de C. amaranticolor e C. quinoa. Injeções de preparações purificadas em coelho geraram um anti-soro policlonal que reagiu especificamente com o antígeno homólogo em teste de ELISA. As evidências obtidas indicam que as manchas cloróticas do Clerodendrum estão associadas a um VTB do tipo nuclear, tentativamente denominado de vírus da mancha clorótica do Clerodendrum (Clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus- ClCSV).