Study of Clinicoradiological Profile in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: An Experience from North India.

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a reversible condition. The Main pathological feature is vasogenic cerebral edema with predominant involvement of posterior part of the cerebrum. Clinical symptoms range from headache, seizure, and vision loss. We evaluated the clinicoradiological features of patients with PRES and their clinical outcome. Materials and methods: A retrospective study with 30 cases from January 2014 to May 2017. Results: Of thirty patients, 18 were females and twelve patients were male. The Mean age of the patients was 38.6 years. The most common presentation was seizure (66.6%) followed by altered mental status (53.3%) and headache (40%). The Main comorbid illnesses in our study were renal disease (36.7%), hypertension (23.3%), eclampsia, and postpartum sepsis (26.7%). The Most common site was the occipito-parietal region in the magnetic resonance imaging brain (66%). Atypical presentation involved the temporal lobe (16%), basal ganglia (6%), and microhemorrhage (6%). The Outcome was good with 20% mortalities. Conclusion: PRES is a reversible condition and has a good outcome in most patients. In our study, seizure was the most common presentation and renal disease is the most common comorbid illness. How to cite this article: Goyal G, Jeswani J. Study of Clinicoradiological Profile in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: An Experience from North India. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(4):501-505.

Women donate, men receive: gender disparity among renal donors.

In living donor kidney transplantation, a predominance of female-to-male donations has been observed. This gender disparity is more so in developing countries and requires targeted counseling and research to understand whether the cause is medical or sociocultural obstacles. The aim of this study was to analyze all living donor kidney transplants performed at a tertiary care center catering to patients of varied socioeconomic backgrounds. This was a retrospective cohort study of all 600 kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomy at a single transplant center, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital, Jaipur, between 2013 and November 2018. Patient characteristics including gender, age, and relationship between donors and recipients were obtained. There was a significant increase in the amount of voluntary renal donations, almost doubling every year. Majority (78%) of the donors were females, whereas males contributed to 22% of renal donations. We observed that mothers were the highest number of donors accounting for 181 donations (n = 600), followed by wives who contributed to 102 of the renal donors (n = 600), and 98 (16.3%) fathers donated to their children. Fifteen percent of the donors donated kidney to their siblings. We found gender disparity in living donor kidney transplant in a single center that caters to a population of varied cultures and socioeconomic backgrounds. We anticipate these results will guide clinicians and living donor coordinators and lead to appropriate counseling for patients and potential donors.

A 45-Year-Old Undiagnosed Cirrhotic Patient with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome as First Presentation: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary complication characterized by a triad of chronic liver disease, arterial hypoxemia, and pulmonary vascular dilations. Agitated saline contrast echocardiography is a simple inexpensive criterion standard procedure for confirming the diagnosis of HPS. CASE REPORT: Here, we discuss a case of a 45-year-old male Indian patient with no medical history who presented to our hospital with exertional dyspnea, hypoxia, and classical signs of HPS. A diagnosis of cirrhosis was made on the basis of history, liver enzymes, and ultrasound, while HPS was diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography with agitated saline. CONCLUSIONS: HPS, although a complication of cirrhosis, can be the initial presentation in undiagnosed cirrhotic patients. Thus, it is important to include HPS in differentials when dealing with cases of progressive dyspnea. Also, the possibility of a liver disease etiology should be explored in patients with unexplained hypoxemia.