ABSTRACT
Although, oral cancer therapies have been developed for decades, patient survival rates have not changed. Side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy reduce quality of life of patients and it remains difficult to treat oral cancers due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that cause recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, we search for natural products that affect oral cancer cells including oral cancer stem cells. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of Raphanus sativus L. seed (RSLS) extracts on oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells and CSC-like KBCD133+ cells. CD133 plays an important role in CSCs and physically binds to ß-catenin to activate the ß-catenin signaling targets. Therefore, a natural extract that can inhibit ß-catenin act in may be effective anticancer drug acquiring CSC. Of the natural product extract candidates, RSLS extracts induced apoptosis in KB and KBCD133+ cells and inhibited nuclear translocation of ß-catenin cell migration and invasion rates. Treatment of RSLS extracts resulted in increases of Axin and it leds to reductions of ß-catenin in KB and KBCD133+ cells. Hence, the result suggests that RSLS are potential candidate for anticancer drug against oral cancer cells and CSCs.AbbreviationsCSCcancer stem cellsOSCCsquamous cell carcinoma cellsRSLSRaphanus sativus L. seed.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Raphanus/chemistry , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/drug therapy , beta Catenin/antagonists & inhibitors , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Down-Regulation , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , KB Cells , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Seeds/chemistry , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/metabolism , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathologyABSTRACT
Wnt/ß-catenin pathway plays an important role in adipogenesis and osteogenesis. To search for novel activators of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, we screened plant extracts and found that Sangusorba officinalis L. extracts (SOE) could increase ß-catenin expression level and nuclear accumulation in 3T3-L1 and MC3T3-E1 cells. It was confirmed that SOE could effectively control adipo-osteogenic differentiation. SOE inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, markedly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation, and decreased expression levels of key adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c. SOE enhanced ALP activity and terminal osteoblast differentiation which was confirmed by Alizarin Red S staining of MC3T3-E1 cells. In ex vivo culture, SOE significantly increased the thickness of calvarial bone in mice. Taken together, our results indicate that SOE could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for dual-treatment of anti-obesity and anti-osteoporosis via activation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway.
