Oxygen Vacancy-Controlled CuOx/N,Se Co-Doped Porous Carbon via Plasma-Treatment for Enhanced Electro-Reduction of Nitrate to Green Ammonia.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is of significance in regards of environmentally friendly issues and green ammonia production. However, relatively low performance with a competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is a challenge to overcome for the NO3RR. In this study, oxygen vacancy-controlled copper oxide (CuOx) catalysts through a plasma treatment are successfully prepared and supported on high surface area porous carbon that are co-doped with N, Se species for its enhanced electrochemical properties. The oxygen vacancy-increased CuOx catalyst supported on the N,Se co-doped porous carbon (CuOx-H/NSePC) exhibited the highest NO3RR performance with faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87.2% and yield of 7.9 mg cm-2 h-1 for the ammonia production, representing significant enhancements of FE and ammonia yield as compared to the un-doped or the oxygen vacancy-decreased catalysts. This high performance should be attributed to a significant increase in the catalytic active sites with facilitated energetics from strategies of doping the catalytic materials and weakening the N─O bonding strength for the adsorption of NO3 - ions on the modulated oxygen vacancies. This results show a promise that co-doping of heteroatoms and regulating of oxygen vacancies can be key factors for performance enhancement, suggesting new guidelines for effective catalyst design of NO3RR.

Accelerated Conversion of Polysulfides for Ultra Long-Cycle of Li-S Battery at High-Rate over Cooperative Cathode Electrocatalyst of Ni0.261Co0.739S2/N-Doped CNTs.

Despite the very high theoretical energy density, Li-S batteries still need to fundamentally overcome the sluggish redox kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and low sulfur utilization that limit the practical applications. Here, highly active and stable cathode, nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanotubes (NPCTs) decorated with NixCo1-xS2 nanocrystals are systematically synthesized as multi-functional electrocatalytic materials. The nitrogen-doped carbon matrix can contribute to the adsorption of LiPSs on heteroatom active sites with buffering space. Also, both experimental and computation-based theoretical analyses validate the electrocatalytic principles of co-operational facilitated redox reaction dominated by covalent-site-dependent mechanism; the favorable adsorption-interaction and electrocatalytic conversion of LiPSs take place subsequently by weakening sulfur-bond strength on the catalytic NiOh 2+-S-CoOh 2+ backbones via octahedral TM-S (TM = Ni, Co) covalency-relationship, demonstrating that fine tuning of CoOh 2+ sites by NiOh 2+ substitution effectively modulates the binding energies of LiPSs on the NixCo1-xS2@NPCTs surface. Noteworthy, the Ni0.261Co0.739S2@NPCTs catalyst shows great cyclic stability with a capacity of up to 511 mAh g-1 and only 0.055% decay per cycle at 5.0 C during 1000 cycles together with a high areal capacity of 2.20 mAh cm-2 under 4.61 mg cm-2 sulfur loading even after 200 cycles at 0.2 C. This strategy highlights a new perspective for achieving high-energy-density Li-S batteries.

Patterning Design of Electrode to Improve the Interfacial Stability and Rate Capability for Fast Rechargeable Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Patterned electrodes were developed for use in solid-state lithium-ion batteries, with the ultimate goal to promote fast-charging attributes through improving electrochemically activated surfaces within electrodes. By a conventional photolithography, patterned arrays of SnO2 nanowires were fabricated directly on the current collector, and empty channel structures formed between the resulting arrays were customized through modifying the size and interval of the SnO2 patterns. The composite electrolyte comprising Li7La3Zr2O12 and poly(ethylene oxide) was exploited to secure intimate interfacial contact at the electrode/electrolyte junction while preserving ionic conductivity in the bulk electrolyte. The potential and limitation of the electrode patterning approach were then explored experimentally. For example, the electrochemical behaviors of patterned electrodes were investigated as a function of variations in microchannel structures, and compared with those of conventional film-type electrodes. The findings show promise to improve electrode dynamics when electrochemical reaction kinetics could be hindered by poor interfacial characteristics on electrodes.