[Intensified Electrosorption of Pb2+ by 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone/Graphene Composite Electrode].

The key to efficient removal of heavy metal ions from water by electrosorption is to develop electrode materials with excellent performance. In this study, 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DA)-modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to prepare a DA@rGO composite electrode using the solvothermal method. The electrochemical properties, electrosorption of Pb2+, adsorption kinetics, and cycle regeneration performance of the composite electrode were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry showed that the composite electrode had excellent electrochemical properties, and the specific capacitance reached 304.4 F·g-1 at a current density of 1 A·g-1. The DA modification significantly increased the pseudocapacitance of the composite electrode. The electrosorption Pb2+ test showed that optimal electrosorption was achieved with -1.2 V of the applied voltage, and the removal rate of the Pb2+ reached 94.8% after 60 min. The electrosorption process is in accord with the first-order kinetic equation. The saturated adsorption capacity of Pb2+ obtained by the Langmuir model was 356.66 mg·g-1, which is significantly higher than that of rGO electrode, at 319.40 mg·g-1. The increase in Pb2+ adsorption amount of the composite electrode can be attributed to the increase in capacitance caused by DA modification. Treatment with 0.5 mol·L-1 nitric acid can desorb the Pb2+ within 5 min to achieve regeneration of the composite electrode. After 10 adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption removal rate of Pb2+ by the composite electrode was kept at 88%, indicating robust stability.

[Preparation of BiOCl-(NH4)3PW12O40 Photocatalyst and a Mechanism for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants].

The separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes is the key to photocatalytic performance. Layered BiOCl is a kind of newly exploited efficient photocatalyst, but its wide-spread practical application is hindered by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and low quantum efficiency. In this study, we prepared a composite photocatalyst via a hydrothermal method in which (NH4)3PW12O40 (NH4PTA) is the acceptor of photoelectrons from BiOCl. The photocatalytic performance of variants of BiOCl-NH4PTA was evaluated by the removal efficiency of methyl orange (MO). The experimental results showed that the BiOCl-NH4PTA[n (Bi):n (W)=1:1] had the best photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of sunlight simulated by xenon light. The photocatalytic mechanism was investigated using the reactive species trapping experiments. It was found that MO could be photodegraded by,·OH, and holes over BiOCl. Differently, and·OH were the dominant reactive species for the reactions over the composite photocatalyst. It was proved that NH4PTA was the acceptor of photoelectrons by the XPS on the photocatalyst before and after reaction. The photocurrent test verified the superior photocatalysis of BiOCl-NH4PTA which was attributed to the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs.

[Preparation of ZnTiO3/TiO2 Photocatalyst and Its Mechanism on Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants].

TiO2 is a promising photocatalysis for degradation of organic pollutants due to its innocuity. However, its widespread practical application was hindered by the fast combination speed of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and low quantum efficiency. In this study, we prepared ZnTiO3-TiO2 using the Sol-Gel method to get heterojunctions, which exhibit efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The photocatalytic performances of various ZnTiO3-TiO2 were evaluated by the removal efficiency of Methyl orange. The experimental results showed that the ZnTiO3-TiO2(ZnTiO3:TiO2=0.3), which was calcinated under 600℃, had the best photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet light. The photocatalyst was stable under a wide range of pH (2.5-12.5). The photocurrent and ESR analysis verified the superior photocatalysis of ZnTiO3-TiO2, which was attributed to the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs induced by the heterojunctions.

[Preparation and Pb2+ Electrosorption Characteristics of Graphene Hydrogels Electrode].

Electrosorption has the advantage of high adsorption capacity and electrode regeneration in the removal of heavy metal ions in water. In this study, graphene hydrogels (GS) were prepared by hydrothermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) suspensions and the electrode was obtained via compression of GS. Various electrochemical properties of GS were tested. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the electrosorption of Pb2+ on GS electrode and GS electrode reusability were investigated. The results showed excellent capacitive behavior (200.4 F·g-1 at 1 A·g-1) of GS. The electrosorption performance of GS indicated that high voltage was favored for the removal of Pb2+ and the highest removal efficiency reached 96.4% when the voltage value was -1.2 V. The electrosorption capacity for Pb2+ removal was found to be 461.20 mg·g-1, which was twice as high as the saturated adsorption capacity of GS. The GS electrode could regenerate after electrosorption when the voltage value was+1.2 V and the removal efficiency of Pb2+ was still maintained above 95% after electrosorption-desorption for 15 cycles.

RARγ Downregulation Contributes to Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Metastasis by Derepressing the Hippo-Yap Pathway.

The Hippo-Yap pathway conveys oncogenic signals, but its regulation during cancer development is not well understood. Here, we identify the nuclear receptor RARγ as a regulator of the Hippo-Yap pathway in colorectal tumorigenesis and metastasis. RARγ is downregulated in human colorectal cancer tissues, where its expression correlates inversely with tumor size, TNM stage, and distant metastasis. Functional studies established that silencing of RARγ drove colorectal cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastatic properties both in vitro and in vivo Mechanistically, RARγ controlled Hippo-Yap signaling to inhibit colorectal cancer development, acting to promote phosphorylation and binding of Lats1 to its transcriptional coactivator Yap and thereby inactivating Yap target gene expression. In clinical specimens, RARγ expression correlated with overall survival outcomes and expression of critical Hippo-Yap pathway effector molecules in colorectal cancer patients. Collectively, our results defined RARγ as tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer that acts by restricting oncogenic signaling by the Hippo-Yap pathway, with potential implications for new approaches to colorectal cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3813-25. ©2016 AACR.

Perianal multiple Bowen's disease: a case report.

Bowen's disease, also known as an intraepithelial squamous cell neoplasia, is a carcinoma in situ firstly reported in 1912 by a dermatologist named Bowen from the United States [1]. About 3%~5% of Bowen's disease might develop into invasive squamous cell carcinomas of mocusa and skin [2]. Surgical resection is preferred because of its low recurrence. Here we reported a rare Bowen's disease case presented with multiple perianal lesions that were given surgical resection, but relapsed after 2 years.

Reference values of differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal bone ages of children from five cities of China / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The determination of skeletal maturity has an important role in pediatric clinical practice, especially in relation to endocrinological problems and growth disorders, and it is frequently useful in diagnosis and monitoring treatment. It has been suggested that the difference between radius, ulna and short bonse (RUS) and carpal may be of differential diagnostic significance. However, no data on comparison among bone ages of Chinese children are available. The differences between TW3-Chinese RUS (TW3-C RUS) and TW3-Chinese Carpal (TW3-C Carpal) bone age of Chinese children were observed in this study to provide references for skeletal development estimation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 9408 Han healthy children (5066 boys, 4302 girls) aged 1.5 - 13.5 years from 5 cities of China were enrolled in this study. The bone ages of the children were estimated by TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal. The Z score curves of the differences between them were fitted by BCPE distribution and the goodness-of-fit of Box-Cox power exponential distribution (BCPE) models were assessed by Q-test and percents of cases of sample below the fitted percentile curves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The means of the differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal were -0.19 - 0.17 over the age 2.0 - 13.5 years in boys and -0.12 - 0.13 from age 1.5 - 11.5 years in girls. The standard deviations were respectively 0.47 - 1.01 years for boys and 0.49 - 0.82 years for girls. The degrees of freedom, with respect to the parameter curves from BCPE distribution, were selected and the percentile curves were fitted by BCPE. The differences between percents of cases below the fitted percentile curves and expected values were all under 0.66%, exception of difference for 90th percentile in girls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal varied with age, the standard deviations increased gradually before 4.5 years of age in boys and 4 years of age in girls, and afterwards the variations decreased steadily until the TW3-C Carpal has reached full maturity. However, there was sex diversity in the extent of the variations. The differences between TW3-C RUS and TW3-C Carpal for boys were evidently greater than that for girls. The sex difference decreased progressively after 10 years. The proposed Z scores curves charts should provide reference for clinical practice.</p>