ABSTRACT
The environment monitoring of forest is vital for the ecosystem sustainable management, especially soil quality. Ancient Gleditsia sinensis is one of the most distributed ancient trees in Shaanxi. Comprehensive soil evaluate is important for the ancient tree protection. In this study, we selected the most distributed ancient tree Gleditsia sinensis and immature tree to compare the effect of growth stage to soil quality and soil bacteria. Most ancient tree soil nutrients were in good condition compared with immature tree. The bacterial community were composed with Proteobacteria (27.55%), Acidobacteriota (16.82%), Actinobacteriota (15.77%), Gemmatimonadota (6.82%), Crenarchaeota (4.61%), Bacteroidota (4.41%), Firmicutes (4.32%), Chloroflexi (4.28%), Planctomycetota (3.24%) and Verrucomicrobiota (3.04%). The level 2 ancient tree (300-400 years old) was different in bacterial community diversity. SOC and STN were important to level 2 (300-400 years old Gleditsia sinensis), and other levels were opposite. Our results suggested that the ancient tree management should not be lumped together.
ABSTRACT
Background: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a persistent infectious disease with significant global impact. Amidst the challenges presented by tuberculosis, optimizing infection control and management for acute and critically ill patients remains imperative. This study addresses this need by investigating the efficacy of standardized risk management in enhancing care outcomes. Objective: The study aims to investigate the impact of standardized risk management on infection control and the management of acute and critically ill patients in a tuberculosis clinic. Design: A randomized controlled experiment was employed for this study. Setting: The research took place at Qingdao Haici Medical Group. Participants: A total of 96 patients with acute and severe tuberculosis treated in the outpatient department from January 2020 to December 2022 were randomly assigned to the control group (CG) and the observation group (OG), with 48 cases in each group. Interventions: Patients in the CG received conventional management, while those in the OG underwent standardized risk management. Primary Outcome Measures: (1) incidence of infection events; (2) quality of management; (3) outpatient health indicators; and (4) patient satisfaction. Results: The OG exhibited a lower incidence of infection events compared to the CG (P < .05). Quality management scores were higher in the OG (P < .05). The OG demonstrated a higher qualified rate in air quality, disinfectant standards, hand hygiene, and mechanical use compared to the CG (P < .05). Patient satisfaction was higher in the OG (χ2=7.21, P < .05). Conclusions: The application of standardized risk management in infection control and management of acute and critically ill patients in tuberculosis clinics significantly reduced the incidence of infection events and improved patient satisfaction with nursing. This approach is considered worthy of widespread implementation.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chinese rural communities living among species-rich forests have little documentation on species used to make handicrafts and construction materials originating from the surrounding vegetation. Our research aimed at recording minor wood uses in the Heihe valley in the Qinling mountains. METHODS: We carried out 37 semi-structured interviews in seven villages. RESULTS: We documented the use of 84 species of plants. All local large canopy trees are used for some purpose. Smaller trees and shrubs which are particularly hard are selectively cut. The bark of a few species was used to make shoes, hats, steamers and ropes, but this tradition is nearly gone. A few species, mainly bamboo, are used for basket making, and year-old willow branches are used for brushing off the chaff during wheat winnowing. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional use of wood materials documented suggests that some rare and endangered tree species may have been selectively cut due to their valuable wood, e.g. Fraxinus mandshurica and Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis. Some other rare species, e.g. Dipteronia sinensis, are little used and little valued.
Subject(s)
Construction Materials , Forests , WoodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge and use of wild food plants and fungi in a highland valley in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Region on the north-eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. METHODS: Field research was carried out in four neighbouring villages in a mountain valley of the Diebu (Tewo) county, surrounded by spruce forests. The study consisted of 30 interviews with single informants, or group interviews (altogether 63 informants). Apart from collecting voucher specimens, we also identified fungi using DNA barcoding. RESULTS: We recorded the use of 54 species of vascular plants. We also recorded the use of 22 mushroom taxa, which made up the largest category of wild foods. Fruits formed the largest category of food plants, with 21 species, larger than the wild greens category, which consisted of 20 species eaten after boiling or frying and 7 as raw snacks. We also recorded the alimentary use of 10 species of edible flowers and 3 species with underground edible organs. On average, 20.8 edible taxa were listed per interview (median - 21). The most listed category of wild foods was green vegetables (mean - 7.5 species, median - 8 species), but fruits and mushrooms were listed nearly as frequently (mean - 6.3, median - 6 and mean - 5.8, - median 6 respectively). Other category lists were very short, e.g., flowers (mean - 1.3, median - 1) and underground edible parts (mean - 0.7, median - 1). Wild vegetables are usually boiled and/or fried and served as side-dishes, or their green parts are eaten as snacks during mountain treks (e.g., peeled rhubarb shoots). Wild fruits are mainly collected by children and eaten raw, they are not stored for further use. The most widely used wild staple foods are Potetilla anserina roots, an important ceremonial food served on such occasions as New Year or at funerals. They are boiled and served with sugar and butter. The most important famine plants remembered by people are the aerial bulbils of Persicaria vivipara. Flowers are used as children's snacks - their nectar is sucked. CONCLUSIONS: The number of wild taxa eaten in the studied valley is similar to that of other Tibetan areas. The structure of wild food plant taxa is also very typical for Tibetan speaking areas (e.g., the use of rhubarb shoots, Potentilla anserina, Persicaria vivipara). The studied community show a high level of mycophilia.
