ABSTRACT
Patients aged ≤45 years are rarely diagnosed as lung cancer. Therefore, this paper describes a retrospective study which was conducted to understand the clinicopathologic characteristics and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in these young lung cancer patients. All patients diagnosed as lung cancer from January 2014 to December 2016 at Huai'an First People's Hospital were enrolled in this study. Their clinicopathologic manifestations and EGFR mutations were recorded, and the difference between those aged less than 45 years and those aged above 45 years was compared. A total of 1472 patients were enrolled in this study, including 73 (4.95%) younger patients (≤45 years old) and 1399 older patients (>45 years old). The proportions of female patients (57.5% vs 32.2%, Pâ¯=â¯0.000), nonsmokers (79.5% vs 54.2%, Pâ¯=â¯0.000), and adenocarcinoma (72.6% vs 54.8%, Pâ¯=â¯0.000) were higher in the younger group, while the primary location of lung cancer and the selection of surgical treatment showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. Among all 1472 patients, there were 1410 cases of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), whose stage distribution was significantly different between the 2 groups (stage I/II and carcinoma in situ: 38.0% vs 40.1%; stage III/IV: 62.0% vs 52.4%, Pâ¯=â¯0.047). There was no significant difference in the number of T stage and N stage cases between the 2 groups. The EGFR mutation rate and overall survival were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In conclusion, lung cancer in young patients (≤45 years old) was associated with unique characteristics, with greater percentages of female patients, adenocarcinoma, nonsmokers, and advanced tumor stage.
Subject(s)
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Mutation , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/pathology , Adenocarcinoma of Lung/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Large Cell/surgery , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , ErbB Receptors/genetics , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/genetics , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/surgery , Survival Rate , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Enteral nutrition (EN) feeding protocol was proposed to have positive impact on critically ill patients. However, current studies showed conflicting results. The present study aimed to investigate whether enteral feeding protocol was able to improve clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. METHODS: A before (stage 1) and after (stage 2) interventional study was performed in 10 tertiary care hospitals. All patients expected to stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for over three days were potentially eligible. Clinical outcomes such as 28-day mortality, ICU length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and nosocomial infection were compared between the two stages. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 410 patients were enrolled during the study period, including 236 in stage 1 and 174 in stage 2. EN feeding protocol was able to increase the proportion of EN in day 2 (41.8±22.3 vs. 50.0±28.3%; p = 0.006) and day 6 (70.3±25.2 vs. 77.6±25.8%; p = 0.006). EN percentages tended to be higher in stage 1 than that in stage 2 on other days, but statistical significance was not reached. There was no difference in 28-day mortality between stage 1 and 2 (0.14 vs. 0.14; p = 0.984). Implementation of EN feeding protocol marginally reduced ICU length of stay (19.44±18.48 vs. 16.29±16.19 days; p = 0.077). There was no difference in the duration of MV between stage a and stage 2 (14.24±14.49 vs. 14.51±17.55 days; p = 0.877). CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the EN feeding protocol was able to increase the proportion of EN feeding, but failed to reduce 28-day mortality, incidence of nosocomial infection or duration of MV.
Subject(s)
Critical Illness/mortality , Enteral Nutrition , Age Factors , Aged , Cross Infection/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Length of Stay , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Respiration, Artificial , Severity of Illness Index , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
In this paper, the micro-mechanics of electrical conductivity increases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) samples induced by KrF excimer laser was analyzed by Raman spectra and infrared spectra. The irradiated layer of the samples was observed by the method of Raman mapping and scanning electron microscope and the thickness of the conducting layer of PVDF samples was determined to be about 6.5 microm. Moreover, the surface microstructure of the irradiated PVDF samples was discussed in the light of scanning electron microscope, Raman spectra and Raman mapping.
