Tailoring and application of a multi-responsive cellulose nanofibre-based 3D nanonetwork wound dressing.

The rapid loss of drugs and the weak curative effects due to cyclical urination are the main reasons why wound heal with difficulty after bladder tumour resection. Here, a bioinspired cellulose nanofibre (CNF)-based magnetic 3D nanonetwork wound dressing with excellent tissue adhesion and biocompatibility is designed by the assembly of pH- and near infrared-responsive CNF nanoskeletons, magnetic switching Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and temperature switching Pluronic®F-127. The dressing with high loading capacity for mitomycin and indocyanine green can form a sticky 3D nanonetwork at the wound site and remain for a long time to release drugs through an external magnetic field. Interestingly, the dressing possessed excellent antibacterial activity, bacterial biofilm elimination, T24 tumour cell killing, and wound healing promotion through photothermal, photodynamic, and chemotherapy. Therefore, it has promising application for bladder postoperative infected wound healing to avoid rapid loss of drugs due to cyclical urination.

Closed reduction and posterior percutaneous internal fixation for simple displaced talar neck fracture: a retrospective comparative study.

PURPOSE: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is the most commonly used surgical technique for talar neck fracture, but there are high risks for complications and poor functional outcomes. In this study, we reported the closed reduction and percutaneous internal fixation (CRPIF) technique of the bilateral approach of the Achilles tendon for simple displaced talar neck fracture, in comparison with ORIF. METHODS: Data of 15 patients in the CRPIF group and 22 in the ORIF group were included. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, 12-item Short-Form Survey (SF-12) score, range of motion (ROM), complications, and radiographic results were recorded and compared. RESULTS: The mean follow-up in the CRPIF group was 33.9 months. Complications included two cases of avascular necrosis (AVN) and two cases of osteoarthritis. All patients achieved bony union and recovered their pre-operative mobility. The mean follow-up in the ORIF group was 39 months. Complications included two cases of bony nonunion, nine AVN, and seven cases of osteoarthritis. Moreover, the mobility of the ORIF group was significantly lower than the CRPIF group post-operatively. The AOFAS score, VAS score, and SF-12 physical component score (PCS) for the CRPIF group were better improved than those for the ORIF group (ALL, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CRPIF technique of the bilateral approach of the Achilles tendon was an effective method for the treatment of simple displaced talar neck fractures. Compared with the ORIF, the limited blood supply of the talus was protected, provide better functional outcomes and biomechanical fixation, and lower incidence of resurgery and complication in the CRPIF.

[Instantaneous emission simulation for light-duty diesel vehicle with different driving cycles by CMEM model].

CMEM model for calculating time based instantaneous emission from light duty diesel vehicle and its input parameters were introduced. On-board test data were used to validate the simulation results. The relative error of THC, CO, and NOx are 14.2%, 3.7% and 32.7%, respectively, while the correlation coefficients reach 0.73, 0.72 and 0.87. The instantaneous emissions of the light duty diesel vehicle simulated by CMEM model are strongly coherent with the transient driving cycle in Shanghai. The simulation of instantaneous emissions and fuel economy under the ECE-15 cycle, FTP cycle, Japan 10-15 cycle and the cycle of shanghai arterial road show that the instantaneous emissions decline with the increase of the vehicle speed, especially from 0-10 km x h(-1) to 10-20 km x h(-1). The acceleration process dominated the whole emissions, which contributes over 30% of the total emission, and sometimes it even reaches over 70%. The contributions of shanghai arterial road for idle condition are 40% and 30%, emission factors of CO are 1.3, 1.5 and 1.4 times of ECE-15 cycle, FTP cycle, Japan 10-15 cycle respectively; THC are respectively 1.5, 2.1 and 1.9 times of above cycles; and emission factors of NOx are respectively 1.2, 1.3 and 1.3 times of ECE-15 cycle, FTP cycle and Japan 10-15 cycle. The fuel economy of the light-duty diesel car on shanghai arterial road is the worst, which is 9.56 km x L(-1). The driving cycles used on abroad can not reflect the actual driving conditions in China.

A test of climate, sun, and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record.

A record from Wanxiang Cave, China, characterizes Asian Monsoon (AM) history over the past 1810 years. The summer monsoon correlates with solar variability, Northern Hemisphere and Chinese temperature, Alpine glacial retreat, and Chinese cultural changes. It was generally strong during Europe's Medieval Warm Period and weak during Europe's Little Ice Age, as well as during the final decades of the Tang, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, all times that were characterized by popular unrest. It was strong during the first several decades of the Northern Song Dynasty, a period of increased rice cultivation and dramatic population increase. The sign of the correlation between the AM and temperature switches around 1960, suggesting that anthropogenic forcing superseded natural forcing as the major driver of AM changes in the late 20th century.

[Real world instantaneous emission simulation for light-duty diesel vehicle].

Core architecture and input parameters of CMEM model were introduced to simulation the second by second vehicle emission rate on real world by taking a light-duty diesel car as a case. On-board test data by a portable emission measurement system were then used to validate the simulation results. Test emission factors of CO, THC, NO(x) and CO2 were respectively 0.81, 0.61, 2.09, and 193 g x km(-1), while calculated emission factors were 0.75, 0.47, 2.47, and 212 g x km(-1). The correlation coefficients reached 0.69, 0.69, 0.75, and 0.72. Simulated instantaneous emissions of the light duty diesel vehicle by CMEM model were strongly coherent with the transient driving cycle. By analysis, CO, THC, NO(x), and CO2 emissions would be reduced by 50%, 47%, 45%, and 44% after improving the traffic situation at the intersection. The result indicated that it is necessary and feasible to simulate the instantaneous emissions of mixed vehicle fleet in some typical traffic areas by the micro-scale vehicle emission model.