ABSTRACT
Children are high-risk groups of burns, with unique physiological, psychological, and anatomical states, and the management of anxiety and pain for burn children are extremely challenging. Non-pharmacological interventions are very important for pain management in burn children, but are often inadequate for treating pain and anxiety, so pharmacological sedation and analgesia are necessary. This article reviewed the clinical treatment and research progress in this field in the past 10 years at home and abroad, including the pain assessment of burn children, monitoring in sedative and analgesic treatment, main therapeutic drugs and research progress, and some controversies in clinical practice. Besides, some suggestions have been put forward for clinical reference.
Subject(s)
Analgesia , Burns , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Burns/therapy , Child , Humans , Pain/drug therapy , Pain ManagementABSTRACT
The lateral arm flap (LAF) may offer an alternative option for oral cavity repair. Twenty-five Chinese patients with oral cavity defects were reconstructed with a LAF. The anatomical characteristics of the flap, the donor site complications, and the functional and aesthetic assessments of recipient site were reviewed. The overall flap survival was 96.0% (24/25patients). The average pedicle length was 7.07±1.09cm when it was cut off at the insert of the deltoid, with an average arterial diameter of 1.30±0.37mm and vein diameter of 2.06±0.48mm. The average flap length was 7.06±1.01cm, and the average flap breadth was 5.28±0.66cm, with the average flap size ranging from 18 to 42cm2. One to three reliable perforators supplied the flap, with the proximal, middle, and distal perforators being located at 9.9±1.1cm, 8.6±1.4cm, and 5.7±1.2cm from the lateral epicondyle, respectively. The donor defect was closed primarily and healed uneventfully. A longitudinal scar was the most common morbidity of the donor site. The function and shape of the reconstructed tissues were well restored. The LAF provides a reliable choice for reconstructing medium-sized oral cavity defects, with minimal donor-site morbidity and ideally functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the recipient site.
Subject(s)
Free Tissue Flaps , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Arm , Esthetics, Dental , Humans , MouthABSTRACT
Primary intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the tongue is a rare neoplasm. The case of a 59-year-old male with a painless mass in the dorsum of the oral tongue diagnosed as primary ITAC is reported here. The particular characteristic of the case was the patient's long-term medical history of 40years. The patient underwent resection of the tongue carcinoma through a midline approach and direct suture, with postoperative chemoradiotherapy. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tumour was positive for CK20 and negative for CK7. A review of the English-language literature was performed, which identified six cases of primary ITAC and three cases of metastatic ITAC of the tongue. The clinical characteristics and therapeutic methods used in these cases were analysed.
