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1.
Zootaxa ; 4358(3): 569-576, 2017 Nov 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29245463

ABSTRACT

We describe the male of Sinhomidia bicolor for the first time noting a morphological difference from the female. A new species, Sinhomidia guangxiensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species differs from S. bicolor by the appendages lacking scales, the mucronal basal spine reaching the apex of subapical tooth, the number of chaetae on the trochanteral organ and the distribution of macrochaetae on Th. II, Abd I and Abd II. A key to Sinhomidia species and a diagnostic table to separate male and female S. bicolor and the new species are provided.


Subject(s)
Arthropods , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures , Animals , Extremities , Female , Male , Organ Size
2.
Yao Xue Xue Bao ; 50(6): 690-6, 2015 Jun.
Article in Chinese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26521438

ABSTRACT

Adenosine receptors (AR) play an important role in the regulation processes for body temperature and vigilance states. During our previous studies, we noticed that aminophylline (a non-selective, blood-brain-barrier penetrably AR antagonist) could attenuate the effects of YZG-330 [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl-5-(6-(((R)-1-phenylpropyl)amino)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3, 4-diol] on lowering the body temperature. Hereby, we focused ourselves on the character of thermal regulation effect of YZG-330 in mice and tried to specify the receptor subtype via giving typical adenosine receptor antagonists. The results showed that both of the magnitude and lasting time of the effect that YZG-330 played on decreasing body temperature are in a dose-dependent manner: within the next 3 hour after intragastric administration (ig) of 0.25, 1 or 4 mg . kg-1 YZG-330, the extreme values on body temperature decreasing were (1.2 ± 0.3) °C, (3.6 ± 0.4) °C (P<0.001) and (7.4±0.5) °C (P<0.001), separately; whereas the duration that body temperature below 34 °C were 0, (10±5) and (153±4) min, separately. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist (DPCPX) could effectively reverse YZG-330's effect on decreasing body temperature, with intraperitoneal administration of DPCPX (5 mg . kg-1) 20 min prior than YZG-330 (4 mg.kg-1, ig), the extreme value on body temperature decreasing was (3.5 ± 0.7) °C (P<0.001), the duration that body temperature below 34 °C was (8±6) min (P<0.001). However, adenosine A2a receptor antagonist, SCH-58261, did not show any influence on the effects of YZG-330 at all. Combined with the fact that 8-SPT (a non-selective, blood-brain-barrier impenetrably AR antagonist) did not reverse the effect of YZG-330, we come to the conclusion that central-adenosine A, receptor plays a significant role on the thermal regulation effect of YZG-330.


Subject(s)
Adenosine/analogs & derivatives , Adenosine/pharmacology , Body Temperature Regulation/drug effects , Receptor, Adenosine A1/physiology , Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Mice , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Triazoles/pharmacology , Xanthines/pharmacology
3.
Pharm Biol ; 50(9): 1067-72, 2012 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22827543

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Antidepressant effects of various plants are generally attributed to their anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities. Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (Asclepiadaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant in China and India used for immunological regulation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant purposes. However knowledge about its antidepressant activity has been poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antidepressant activities of the total glycosides of C. auriculatum (TGC) and its CHCl3/MeOH (10:1) fractions (TGC-D and TGC-E) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TGC, TGC-D and TGC-E (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) were intragastrically administered to mice twice a day for 5 days. The tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and locomotor activity test in mice were used to evaluate the effect of C. auriculatum. The inhibition of [³H]-serotonin reuptake in rat brain synaptosomes was detected to investigate their mechanism. RESULTS: TGC, TGC-D and TGC-E (80 mg/kg) decreased the immobility time by 61.7, 64.5, and 61.9% in tail suspension test. TGC (80 mg/kg), TGC-D (80 mg/kg) and TGC-E (20 mg/kg) decreased the immobility time by 32.6, 47.3, and 48.7% in forced swimming test. TGC (80 mg/kg) and TGC-E (20 and 40 mg/kg) decreased the crossing distances by 28.8, 29.5, and 36.2% in locomotor activity test. TGC, TGC-D and TGC-E (10 mg/L) inhibited serotonin reuptake by 7.4, 4.5, and 71.1% in rat brain synaptosomes, and IC50 value of TGC-E was 5.2 mg/L. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: TGC, TGC-D and TGC-E have potential antidepressant activities. The antidepressive effect of TGC-E maybe attributed partly by the inhibiting effect on serotonin reuptake.


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Cynanchum/chemistry , Depression/drug therapy , Drug Discovery , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rhizome/chemistry , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents/isolation & purification , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , China , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Ethnopharmacology , Glycosides/adverse effects , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/pharmacology , Glycosides/therapeutic use , India , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Serotonin/metabolism , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/adverse effects , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/isolation & purification , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Synaptosomes/drug effects , Synaptosomes/metabolism
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