ABSTRACT
To understand the responses of radial growth of Fraxinus mandshurica from different provenances to climatic factors, we used the dendrochronological method to establish the standard chronologies of F. mandshurica from 20 provenances in Maoershan provenance test forest, and analyzed the differences in radial growth and their correlation with climate factors. The results showed that the overall trend of F. mandshurica chronologies from 20 provenances was generally similar. There were differences in growth amplitude, with the average radial growth of F. mandshurica from Dailing, Lushuihe and Sanchazi being the highest. The radial growth of F. mandshurica from 20 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the highest temperature in July and the average temperature in July except for Huinan. The radial growth of F. mandshurica from 14 provenances was significantly positively correlated with the precipitation in August. The radial growth of F. mandshurica was constrained by temperature and precipitation during the growing season. There was difference in radial growth among F. mandshurica from different provenances under drought stress. F. mandshurica from Wangqing, Dailing, and Hailin had stronger resistance to drought, while that from Wandianzi, Zhanhe, and Xinglong had better recovery ability after drought.
Subject(s)
Climate , Fraxinus , Fraxinus/growth & development , China , Ecosystem , Droughts , Temperature , Plant Stems/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influencing factors and establish a model predicting the performance of needle visualization in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules. Methods This study prospectively included 175 patients who underwent FNA of thyroid nodules in the Department of Ultrasound in China-Japan Friendship Hospital and compared the display of the needle tips in the examination of 199 thyroid nodules before and after the application of needle visualization.We recorded the location,the positional relationship with thyroid capsule,ultrasonic characteristics,and the distribution of the soft tissue strip structure at the puncture site of the nodules with unclear needle tips display before using needle visualization.Furthermore,according to the thyroid imaging reporting and data system proposed by the American College of Radiology,we graded the risk of the nodules.Lasso-Logistic regression was employed to screen out the factors influencing the performance of needle visualization and establish a nomogram for prediction. Results The needle tips were not clearly displayed in the examination of 135 (67.8%) and 53 (26.6%) nodules before and after the application of needle visualization,respectively,which showed a significant difference (P<0.001).Based on the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site,a nomogram was established to predict the probability of unclear display of the needle tips after application of needle visualization.The C-index of the prediction model was 0.75 (95%CI=0.67-0.84) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.72.The calibration curve confirmed the appreciable reliability of the prediction model,with the C-index of 0.70 in internal validation. Conclusions Needle visualization can improve the display of the needle tip in ultrasound-guided FNA of thyroid nodules.The nomogram established based on ultrasound features such as the positional relationship between the nodule and capsule,A/T ratio,blood supply,and the distribution of subcutaneous strip structure at the puncture site can predict whether needle visualization is suitable for the examination of nodules.
Subject(s)
Thyroid Neoplasms , Thyroid Nodule , Humans , Thyroid Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Biopsy, Fine-Needle/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: NAT10 (N-acetyltransferase 10) is a nucleolar protein, but may show subcellular redistribution in colorectal carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated membranous staining of NAT10 in colorectal carcinoma and its clinical implications, and explored the mechanism of regulation of NAT10 redistribution. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression and subcellular redistribution of NAT10, ß-catenin, E-cadherin, and GSK-3ß were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 222 cases of colorectal carcinoma. Regulation of NAT10 and its influence on cell motility were analyzed with inhibitors of GSK-3ß, transfection of wild-type or kinase-inactivated GSK-3ß, or expression of various domains of NAT10, and evaluated with immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Transwell assays. RESULTS: NAT10 localized mainly in the nucleoli of normal tissues, and was redistributed to the membrane in cancer cells, particularly at the invasive "leading edge" of the tumor. This correlated well with nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin (P<0.001; χ2=68.213). In addition, NAT10 membrane staining reflected the depth of invasion and tendency to metastasize (all P values<0.001), and was associated with a poorer prognosis (P=0.023; χ2=5.161). Evaluation of the mechanism involved demonstrated that subcellular redistribution of NAT10 may result from its increased stability and nuclear export, which is brought about by inhibition of GSK-3ß. Moreover, redistribution of NAT10 induces alteration of cytoskeletal dynamics and increases cancer cell motility. CONCLUSION: The subcellular redistribution of NAT10 can be induced by decreases in GSK-3ß activity. This redistribution increases cancer cell motility, and is, thus, correlated with invasive potential and poorer clinical outcome. This finding suggests that NAT10 may be a useful prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in colorectal carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/genetics , N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E/biosynthesis , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cadherins/biosynthesis , Cell Line, Tumor , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E/genetics , N-Terminal Acetyltransferases , Neoplasm Invasiveness/genetics , beta Catenin/biosynthesisSubject(s)
Acyl Carrier Protein/chemistry , Aminoglycosides/chemistry , Salicylates/chemistry , Acyl Carrier Protein/genetics , Acylation , Acyltransferases/chemistry , Acyltransferases/genetics , Acyltransferases/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Aminoglycosides/genetics , Biological Products/chemistry , Biological Products/genetics , Biological Products/metabolism , Genes, Bacterial , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Multigene Family , Sequence Alignment , Streptomyces antibioticus/enzymology , Streptomyces antibioticus/geneticsABSTRACT
The biosynthetic gene cluster for chlorothricin (CHL) was localized to a 122 kb contiguous DNA from Streptomyces antibioticus DSM 40725, and its involvement in CHL biosynthesis was confirmed by gene inactivation and complementation. Bioinformatic analysis of the sequenced 111.989 kb DNA region revealed 42 open reading frames, 35 of which were defined to constitute the CHL gene cluster. An assembly model for CHL biosynthesis from D-olivose, 2-methoxy-5-chloro-6-methylsalicyclic acid, and chlorothricolide building blocks was proposed. This work represents cloning of a gene cluster for spirotetronate antibiotic biosynthesis and sets the stage to investigate the unusual macrolide biosynthesis including tandem Diels-Alder cyclizations, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and incorporation of an enoylpyruvate unit.
Subject(s)
Aminoglycosides/genetics , Aminoglycosides/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis , Multigene Family/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Aminoglycosides/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Chlorine/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cloning, Molecular , Conserved Sequence , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Models, Genetic , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Oxidation-Reduction , Salicylates/chemistry , Salicylates/metabolism , Sequence Alignment , Streptomyces antibioticus/genetics , Streptomyces antibioticus/metabolismABSTRACT
Unusual polyketide synthases (PKSs), that are structurally type I but act in an iterative manner for aromatic polyketide biosynthesis, are a new family found in bacteria. Here we report the cloning of the iterative type I PKS gene chlB1 from the chlorothricin (CHL) producer Streptomyces antibioticus DSM 40725 by a rapid PCR approach, and characterization of the function of the gene product as a 6-methylsalicyclic acid synthase (6-MSAS). Sequence analysis of various iterative type I PKSs suggests that the resulting aromatic or aliphatic structure of the products might be intrinsically determined by a catalytic feature of the paired KR-DH domains in the control of the double bond geometry. The finding of ChlB1 as a 6-MSAS not only enriches the current knowledge of aromatic polyketide biosynthesis in bacteria, but will also contribute to the generation of novel polyketide analogs via combinatorial biosynthesis with engineered PKSs.
