[Effect of thunder-fire moxibustion combined with electroacupuncture on urodynamics in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture combined with thunder-fire moxibustion on urodynamics in patients with neurogenic bladder (NB) after spinal cord injury(SCI). METHODS: A total of 60 patients with NB after SCI were divided into control group and observation group using a random number table, with 30 patients in each group. Bladder management protocol was performed for both groups. The patients in the control group were given electroacupuncture at Shangliao (BL31), Zhongliao (BL33), Xialiao (BL34), and Ciliao (BL32) at both sides, and those in the observation group were given thunder-fire moxibustion as mild-warm moxibustion at Yaoyangguan (GV3), Mingmen (CV4), Qihai (CV6), Guanyuan (CV4), and Zhongji (CV3) in addition to the treatment in the control group; electroacupuncture or moxibustion was performed for 20 min each time, once a day, with 10 times as one course of treatment, and both groups were treated for 3 courses. Number of times of voluntary urination, maximum single urine volume, and number of times of urethral catheterization were recorded at 3 d before and after treatment; maximum urinary flow rate during urination, maximum bladder capacity during urination, bladder pressure during the bladder filling period, and residual urine volume were recorded before and after treatment, and bladder compliance was calculated; clinical outcome was evaluated for both groups. RESULTS: After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in the numbers of times of urination and urethral catheterization (P<0.05) and a significant increase in maximum single urine volume (P<0.05), and the observation group had significantly better results than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups had significant reductions in residual urine volume and bladder pressure during the bladder filling period, and the observation group had significantly greater reductions than the control group (P<0.05); both groups had significant increases in bladder compliance, maximum bladder capacity during urination, and maximum urinary flow rate during urination, and the observation group had significantly higher values than the control group (P<0.05). The observation group had a significantly higher response rate than the control group ï¼»90.00% (27/30) vs 63.33% (19/30), P<0.05ï¼½. CONCLUSION: Thunder-fire moxibustion combined with electroacupuncture can effectively improve bladder urodynamics and has a marked clinical effect in patients with NB after SCI.

[Subtype classification of ceftriaxone sodium and its influence on the quality of product].

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technology combined with cluster analysis method was used to classify 75 batches of crystalline ceftriaxone sodium into subtypes, the crystalline characteristics of each subtype were measured with scanning electron microscope (SEM). By comparing some parameters of these subtypes correlated to crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium, such as salification rate, water content in different subtypes, as well as by studying different lattice stabilities, different compatibilities with rubber closures during accelerated stability tests, the key point to improve the quality of domestic ceftriaxone sodium was disclosed. The results of this paper indicated that the fine structure of the products could be controlled well by improving the salification and crystallization process. As a result, the subtype II of ceftriaxone sodium with high stability can be produced.

Pyruvate is superior to reverse visceral hypoperfusion in peritoneal resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock in rats.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pyruvate-containing fluids on peritoneal resuscitation (PR), following intravenous fluid resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: One hundred rats following 1-h HS with mean arterial pressure 35 ± 5 mmHg were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) in each of two comparable sets: group VR: intravenous resuscitation (VR) only and four groups with PR after VR: groups NS, LA, P1, and P2, resuscitated with normal saline, lactated peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS), pyruvated PDS, and 2.2% pyruvate, respectively. The splanchnic blood flow on surfaces of liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa was detected. Blood samples were taken before HS and at T180 or T360 in these two animal sets after hemorrhage for function tests of liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa, respectively. The intestinal mucosal barrier protein: zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and tissue water contents of these organs were also determined. RESULTS: Splanchnic blood flow was significantly preserved in all PR groups with hyperosmolar solutions: group P1 and group P2 with pyruvate were more advantageous than group LA. Group P2 was the most efficient among groups in reverse of visceral hypoperfusion. Organ function and tissue water contents of liver, kidney, and intestine and the intestinal barrier ZO-1 density were also improved in group P1 and group P2, compared with group LA. Among organs, the pyruvate protection of intestinal mucosa was the most apparent by reversing splanchnic blood flow and diamine oxidase close to reference ranges with the highest ZO-1 density. Group P2 showed the most pyruvate protection in all test parameters among four groups with PR. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal resuscitation with hyperosmolar fluids attenuated visceral vasoconstriction and splanchnic hypoperfusion and improved the intestinal barrier protein and organ function following conventional fluid resuscitation from severe HS in rats. Pyruvate was superior to lactate in PDS as PR fluids, and 2.2% pyruvate was the optimal fluid in PR.

A training set selection strategy for a universal near-infrared quantitative model.

The purpose of this article is to propose an empirical solution to the problem of how many clusters of complex samples should be selected to construct the training set for a universal near infrared quantitative model based on the Naes method. The sample spectra were hierarchically classified into clusters by Ward's algorithm and Euclidean distance. If the sample spectra were classified into two clusters, the 1/50 of the largest Heterogeneity value in the cluster with larger variation was set as the threshold to determine the total number of clusters. One sample was then randomly selected from each cluster to construct the training set, and the number of samples in training set equaled the number of clusters. In this study, 98 batches of rifampicin capsules with API contents ranging from 50.1% to 99.4% were studied with this strategy. The root mean square errors of cross validation and prediction were 2.54% and 2.31% for the model for rifampicin capsules, respectively. Then, we evaluated this model in terms of outlier diagnostics, accuracy, precision, and robustness. We also used the strategy of training set sample selection to revalidate the models for cefradine capsules, roxithromycin tablets, and erythromycin ethylsuccinate tablets, and the results were satisfactory. In conclusion, all results showed that this training set sample selection strategy assisted in the quick and accurate construction of quantitative models using near-infrared spectroscopy.