ABSTRACT
Non-point source pollution risk assessment and zonation research are of great significance for the eco-environmental protection and optimization of land use structure. We identified the "source" and "sink" landscape using the "source-sink" landscape pattern theory based on the two phases of land use data in the lower reaches of Zijiang River in 2010 and 2018. We comprehensively considered the non-point source pollution occurrence and migration factors, and used location-weighted landscape contrast index (LCI) and non-point source pollution load index (NPPRI) to analyze non-point source pollution risk spatio-temporal characteristics in the study area. Zonation on non-point source pollution in the lower reaches of Zijiang River was studied by identifying the key factors of non-point source pollution risk. The results showed that the overall risk of non-point source pollution was relatively low. The sub-basin with "sink" landscape was the main type, accounting for 61.2%. Non-point source pollution risk was low in the southwest and was high along the banks of Zhixi River, Taohua River and main stream of Zijiang River, as well as plain in the northeast of the lower Zijiang River. The risk of non-point source pollution from 2010 to 2018 showed an increasing trend. The changes in landscape pattern, especially the expansion of rural settlement, arable land and the shrinkage of forest land had positive and negative responses to the risk of non-point source pollution, respectively. LCI, slope, and distance were the key factors affecting the change of the risk index of non-point source pollution. The lower reaches of the Zijiang River could be divided into four control regions: pollution treatment area near river, low slope pollution control area, ecological restoration-risk prevention and control area, and ecological priority protection area.
Subject(s)
Non-Point Source Pollution , Water Pollutants, Chemical , China , Environmental Monitoring , Environmental Pollution , Forests , RiversABSTRACT
ObjectiveWearing protective masks for a long time causes a large number of frontline health care workers to suffer different degrees of pressure injury or facial skin rupture in response to COVID-19. This paper aims to analyze the occurrence characteristics and related factors of pressure injury related to devices, and provide the basis for taking countermeasures. Methods There was online investigation of skin injuries caused by wearing protective equipment in medical staff. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the occurrence characteristics of pressure-induced injury, and influencing factors were analyzed through logistic regression model. ResultsThere were a total of 2901 valid questionnaires. The results showed that the incidence of pressure injury caused by protective equipment was 26.34%, mainly in the bridge of the nose (20.41%), cheek (20.23%), auricle (17.82%) and forehead (8.86%). Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that the major associated factors, which presented increasing risk, were sweating and dampness (OR=12.72, 95%CI 8.36-17.30), wearing level-3 protective equipment (OR=3.55, 95%CI 2.47-5.08), wearing level-2 protective equipment (OR=3.37, 95%CI 2.47-4.60), wearing time (OR=1.29, 95%CI 1.05~1.58) and occupation (OR=1.57, 95%CI 1.00~2.49). Conclusion There is the high incidence of pressure injuries to health care workers caused by protective equipment against COVID-19. The main risk factors for facial stress injury of medical staff are sweating and dampness, wearing level-3 and level-2 protective equipment and wearing time.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveSurgical site infection (SSI)is a type of common hospital-acquired wounds. The purpose of this study is to understand its clinical characteristics and prognosis in order to provide evidence for taking appropriate measures.Methods132 wound patients who met the diagnostic criteria of surgical site infection in the wound care center in recent 3 years were enrolled. The patients were treated locally with nanosilver dressing combined with red light and infrared ray. Individualized nutritional recipes and activity prescriptions were given, and the skin was showered every other day to heal or last 2 months.Observation indicators: demographics and wound characteristics; changes of area and depth after14 days intervention; the posi-tive rate of bacteria before and after the intervention, and healing rate and healing time of 2 months were analyzed and compared.ResultsA total of 132 cases of SSI(52.27% superficial and 47.73% deep ) was identified. The average age was 48.33±16.90 years. The average age and gender of the two groups were similar (P>0.05).Peri-wound skin is contaminated in all cases. The mean onset time of SSIs was 19.82±5.64 days, and the median onset time was 20 days. The onset time and duration of deep SSIs were longer than that of superficial SSIs (P0.05), and the depth of deep SSIs was deeper than that of superficial SSIs (P<0.05).The positive rate of bacterial culture inthe deep SSI group (79.31%) was higher than that of the superficial SSI group (59.46%) (P<0.05). After 14 days treatment, the area was smaller, the depth was lower (P<0.05), and the positive rate of bacteria was significantly decreased in the two groups (P<0.05). The healing rate ofsuperficial SSI group (84.06%) was higher than that of deep SSI group (66.67%) (P<0.05) in two months, and the healing time of superficial SSI group was significantly shortened (35.46<11.12 days vs 41.08<11.33 days, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that negative bacterial culture before intervention increased the healing index (OR=0.190). Long-term use of antibiotics did not promote healing (OR=0.343).ConclusionSuperficial and deep SSIs are common types of SSIs. Gender and age are similar, and skin contamination may play a role in the development of SSI,which needs attention. Local and systemic interventions can effectively improve wound healing. Negative bacterial culture and proper use of antibiotics can improve the healingprobability.
