Multi-spectral compatible metasurface with low infrared emissivity, independent microwave complex-amplitude control, and high visible transparency.

With the rapid development of communication technology and detection technology, it is difficult for devices operating in a single spectrum to meet the application requirements of device integration and miniaturization, resulting in the exploration of multi-spectrum compatible devices. However, the functional design of different spectra is often contradictory and difficult to be compatible. In this work, a transparent slit circular metasurface with a high filling ratio is proposed to achieve the compatibility of microwave, infrared and visible light. In the microwave, based on the Pancharatnam-Berry phase theory, the continuous amplitude and binary phase can be customized only by rotating the slit angle to achieve an Airy beam function at 8-12 GHz. In the infrared, the mean infrared emissivity is reduced to 0.3 at 3-14 µm by maintaining high conductive filling ratio, and in visible light, based on the transparency of materials, the mean transmittance can achieve 50% at 400-800 nm. All the results can verify the multi-spectral compatibility performance, which can also verify the validity of our design method. Importantly, the multi-spectral compatible metasurface contributes an option for multifunctional integration, which can be further applied in communication, camouflage, and other fields.

A starch-based, crosslinked blend film with seawater-specific dissolution characteristics.

Existing biodegradable plastics may not be ideal replacements of petroleum-based single-use plastics owing to their slow biodegradation in seawater. To address this issue, a starch-based blend film with different disintegration/dissolution speeds in freshwater and seawater was prepared. Poly(acrylic acid) segments were grafted onto starch; a clear and homogenous film was prepared by blending the grafted starch with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) by solution casting. After drying, the grafted starch was crosslinked with PVP by hydrogen bonds, owing to which the water stability of the film is higher than that of unmodified starch films in fresh water. In seawater, the film dissolves quickly as a result of disruption of the hydrogen bond crosslinks. This technique balances degradability in marine environment and water resistance in everyday environment, provides an alternative route to mitigate marine plastic pollution and could be potentially useful for single-use applications in different fields such as packaging, healthcare, and agriculture.

Polarization-multiplexed full-space metasurface simultaneously merging with an ultrawide-angle antireflection and a large-angle retroreflection.

Multifunctional electromagnetic (EM) metasurfaces are capable of manipulating electromagnetic waves with kaleidoscopic functions flexibly, which will significantly enhance integration and applications of electronic systems. However, most known design schemes only realize the reflection or transmission functions under a specific angle range, which wastes the other half EM space and restricts wider applications of multifunctional metadevices. Herein, an encouraging strategy of broadband and wide-angle EM wavefronts generator is proposed to produce two independent functions, i.e., antireflections for transverse electric (TE) waves and retroreflection for transverse magnetic (TM) waves, which utilizes band-stop and bandpass responses of the metasurface, respectively. As a feasibility verification of this methodology, a three-layer cascaded metasurface, composed of anisotropic crossbar structures patterned on the two surfaces of a dielectric substrate with sandwiched orthogonal metal-gratings, is designed, fabricated, and measured. Both the simulated and experimental results are in good accordance with theoretical analyses. This full-space metasurface opens up a new route to multifunctional metasurfaces and will further promote engineering applications of metasurfaces.

Low-intensity exercise combined with sodium valproate attenuates kainic acid-induced seizures and associated co-morbidities by inhibiting NF-κB signaling in mice.

Sodium valproate (VPA) is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is effective both in adults and children suffering from epilepsy, but it causes psychiatric and behavioral side effects in patients with epilepsy. In addition, 30% of patients with epilepsy develop resistance to VPA. At present, regular physical exercise has shown many benefits and has become an effective complementary therapy for various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Therefore, we wondered whether VPA combined with exercise would be more effective in the treatment of seizures and associated co-morbidities. Here, we used a mouse model with kainic acid (KA)-induced epilepsy to compare the seizure status and the levels of related co-morbidities, such as cognition, depression, anxiety, and movement disorders, in each group using animal behavioral experiment and local field potential recordings. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism behind this phenomenon by immunological means. Our results showed that low-intensity exercise combined with VPA reduced seizures and associated co-morbidities. This phenomenon seems to be related to the Toll-like receptor 4, activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and release of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-6. In brief, low-intensity exercise combined with VPA enhanced the downregulation of NF-κB-related inflammatory response, thereby alleviating the seizures, and associated co-morbidities.

Dual-polarization multi-angle retroreflective metasurface with bilateral transmission windows.

Metasurfaces have provided unprecedented degrees of freedom in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves and also granted high possibility of integrating multiple functions into one single meta-device. In this paper, we propose to incorporate the retroreflection function with transmission function by means of metasurface design and then demonstrate a dual-polarization multi-angle retroreflective metasurface (DMRM) with bilateral transmission bands. To achieve high-efficiency retroreflections, the compact bend structures (CBSs), which exhibit high reflections around 10.0 GHz in X band, are added onto the substrate of the DMRM. Two selected metasurface elements are periodically arranged so as to form 0-π-0 phase profile. By delicately adjusting the periodicity, high-efficiency retroreflections can be produced for both TE and TM-polarized waves under both vertical incidence and oblique incident angles ±50.0°, with an average efficiency of 90.2% at the designed frequency. Meanwhile, the two metasurface elements exhibit high transmission properties and minor phase disparities in S, C and Ku bands, resulting in bilateral transmission windows. Prototypes were designed and fabricated. Both simulated and measured results verified our design. This work provides an effective means of integrating retroreflection functions with other functions and may find applications in target tracking, radomes and other sensor integrated devices in higher frequency or even optical frequency bands.

Extremely angle-stable transparent window for TE-polarized waves empowered by anisotropic metasurfaces.

Impedance mismatch generally exists upon interfaces between different media. This is especially true for TE-polarized waves with large incident angles since there is no Brewster effect. As a result, high-efficiency transmission can only be guaranteed within limited incident angle range. It is desirable that transparent windows possess robust angle-stability. In this work, we propose a strategy of realizing transparent windows with extreme angle-stability using anisotropic metasurfaces. Different from traditional isotropic materials, anisotropic metasurfaces require specific three-dimensional permittivity and permeability parameters. Theoretical formulas are derived to realize a highly efficient transmission response without angular dispersion. To validate our design concept, a two-layer cascaded electromagnetic anti-reflector is designed, and it exhibits a characteristic impedance matching for nearly all incidence angles under TE-polarization illumination. As a proof-of-concept, a prototype of extremely angle-stable transparent window is fabricated and measured. Compared with the pure dielectric plate, the reflection coefficients are on average reduced by 40% at 13.5 GHz for TE-polarized waves from 0° to 80°. Therefore, we think, anisotropic cascaded electromagnetic transparent windows are capable of tailoring the electromagnetic parameter tensors as desired, and provide more adjustable degrees of freedom for manipulating electromagnetic wavefronts, which might open up a promising way for electromagnetic antireflection and find applications in radomes, IR windows and others.

Aerobic Physical Exercise as a Non-medical Intervention for Brain Dysfunction: State of the Art and Beyond.

Brain disorders, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and chronic pain, are difficult to effectively treat. These major brain disorders have high incidence and mortality rates in the general population, and seriously affect not only the patient's quality of life, but also increases the burden of social medical care. Aerobic physical exercise is considered an effective adjuvant therapy for preventing and treating major brain disorders. Although the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unknown, systemic processes may be involved. Here, this review aimed to reveal that aerobic physical exercise improved depression and several brain functions, including cognitive functions, and provided chronic pain relief. We concluded that aerobic physical exercise helps to maintain the regulatory mechanisms of brain homeostasis through anti-inflammatory mechanisms and enhanced synaptic plasticity and inhibition of hippocampal atrophy and neuronal apoptosis. In addition, we also discussed the cross-system mechanisms of aerobic exercise in regulating imbalances in brain function, such as the "bone-brain axis." Furthermore, our findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of aerobic physical exercise in the fight against brain disorders.

Transmission enhancement of a half-wave wall under extreme angles by synergy of double lorentz resonances.

The a half-wave wall is usually adopted as the transparent window for electromagnetic (EM) waves ranging from microwave to optical regimes. Due to the interference nature, the bandwidth of the half-wave wall is usually quite narrow, especially under extreme angles for TE-polarized waves. It is usually contradictory to expand the bandwidth and to keep high transmission. To overcome this contradiction, we propose to extend the transmission bandwidth of half-wave walls under extreme angles by introducing Lorentz-type resonances using metasurfaces. The impedance of the half-wave wall is firstly analyzed. To improve the impedance matching, the impedance below and above the half-wave frequency should be increased. To this end, metallic wires and I-shaped structures are incorporated into the half-wave wall as the mid-layer. Due to the Lorentz-type resonance of the metallic wire, effective permittivity below the half-wave frequency can be reduced while that above the half-wave frequency can be increased due to Lorentz-type resonance of the I-shaped structures, both under large incident angles. In this way, the impedance matching, and thus the transmission, can be improved within an extended band. A proof-of-principle prototype was designed, fabricated, and measured to verify this strategy. Both simulated and measured results show that the prototype can operate in 14.0-19.0GHZ under incident angle [70°, 85°] with significant transmission enhancement for TE-polarized waves. This work provides an effective method of enhancing the transmission of EM waves and may find applications in radomes, IR windows, and others.

Quasi-omnidirectional retroreflective metagrating for TE-polarized waves based on wave-vector reversions.

Structuring elements of gratings brings more freedom in manipulating diffraction waves, e.g., retroreflection using diffraction orders other than the 0th order. Most retroreflective metagratings (RMs) can achieve retroreflection only under one particular direction, limiting their applications. In this paper, we propose a quasi-omnidirectional RM based on wave-vector reversion for TE-polarized waves. The metagrating element is composed of four rotationally-symmetric sub-elements, which is composed of one probe and two directors on its two sides. The substrate-air-metal layer can reverse kz while directors can reverse kx. Therefore, the wave-vector k of reflected waves can be completely reversed by the sub-element, providing necessary momentum for retroreflection. The -2nd diffraction order of the metagrating is tailored to channel out waves with reversed k, leading to retroreflection. Due to the element's four-fold rotational symmetry, retroreflection can be achieved along four directions, covering all of the four quarters of azimuth angle. We demonstrate prototypes in Ku band, and the average backscattering enhancement compared with a metal plane with the same area (SAMP) along the four directions reaches up to 31.3 dB with incident angle 50.0° at 15.0 GHz. Both simulated and measured results verify our design. This work provides another perspective on retroreflection and may find applications in retroreflective functional devices.

Catalytic Polymerization of Phthalonitrile Resins by Carborane with Enhanced Thermal Oxidation Resistance: Experimental and Molecular Simulation.

Biphenyl phthalonitrile (BPh) resins with good thermal and thermo-oxidative stability demonstrate great application potential in aerospace and national defense industries. However, BPh monomer has a high melting point, poor solubility, slow curing speed and high curing temperature. It is difficult to control the polymerization process to obtain the resins with high performance. Here, a BPh prepolymer (BPh-Q) was prepared by reacting 1,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-m-carborane (QCB) with BPh monomers. The BPh-Q exhibited much better solubility, faster curing speed and lower curing temperature compared with pure BPh and BPh modified with bisphenol A (BPh-B, a common prepolymer of BPh). Thus, the polymerization process of BPh was greatly accelerated at a low temperature, resulting in a BPh resin with enhanced thermostability and oxidation resistance. The experimental and theoretical models revealed the promotion effect of B-H bond on the curing reaction of phthalonitrile via Markovnikov addition reaction due to the special steric structure of carborane. This study provided an efficient method to obtain low-temperature curing phthalonitrile resins with high thermal and thermo-oxidative resistance, which would be potentially useful for the preparation of high-performance cyanide resin-based composites.

Orbital angular momentum generator with multiple retroreflection channels enabled by an angle-selective metasurface.

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have aroused great attention on account of the remarkable potential in the field of communication. It has the characteristics of higher spectrum efficiency, greater channel capacity and stronger anti-interference, which will revolutionize the wireless communications in the future. However, target tracking on a vortex generator in practical applications is becoming a challenge because the backscattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves under oblique incidence is too small for detection. Currently, the main way to solve this problem is to load an extra retroreflector such as Luneburg lens, which in turn leads to increased weights and bulky volumes. In this paper, we propose a vortex generator simultaneously with retroreflective characteristics utilizing an angle-selective metasurface. The meta-atom can achieve broadband polarization conversion under normal incidence and efficient retroreflection under oblique incidence. Without the need for an additional retroreflection phase arrangement, an OAM generator composed of such meta-atoms can be achieved in 15.0-21.0GHz under both x- and y-polarized normal incidence. Meanwhile, four retroreflection channels are opened under oblique illumination of both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves at 20.0GHz. Both the simulated and measured results show excellent performances. The integration of an OAM generator and retroreflector will greatly reduce the weight and volume and save in the cost of production, which will promote the development of miniaturized, multi-role, and even intelligent functional devices.

Glycosylation of ß1 subunit plays a pivotal role in the toxin sensitivity and activation of BK channels.

BACKGROUND: The accessory ß1 subunits, regulating the pharmacological and biophysical properties of BK channels, always undergo post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. To date, it remains elusive whether the glycosylation contributes to the regulation of BK channels by ß1 subunits. METHODS: Herein, we combined the electrophysiological approach with molecular mutations and biochemical manipulation to investigate the function roles of N-glycosylation in ß1 subunits. RESULTS: The results show that deglycosylation of ß1 subunits through double-site mutations (ß1 N80A/N142A or ß1 N80Q/N142Q) could significantly increase the inhibitory potency of iberiotoxin, a specific BK channel blocker. The deglycosylated channels also have a different sensitivity to martentoxin, another BK channel modulator with some remarkable effects as reported before. On the contrary to enhancing effects of martentoxin on glycosylated BK channels under the presence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, deglycosylated channels were not affected by the toxin. However, the deglycosylated channels were surprisingly inhibited by martentoxin under the absence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, while the glycosylated channels were not inhibited under this same condition. In addition, wild type BK (α+ß1) channels treated with PNGase F also showed the same trend of pharmacological results to the mutants. Similar to this modulation of glycosylation on BK channel pharmacology, the deglycosylated forms of the channels were activated at a faster speed than the glycosylated ones. However, the V1/2 and slope were not changed by the glycosylation. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals that glycosylation is an indispensable determinant of the modulation of ß1-subunit on BK channel pharmacology and its activation. The loss of glycosylation of ß1 subunits could lead to the dysfunction of BK channel, resulting in a pathological state.

Quasi-continuous linear phase-gradient metamaterial based on conformal spoof surface plasmon polaritons.

In this work, we propose a method of achieving quasi-continuous linear phase gradient for transmitted waves based on conformal spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP). To this end, a SSPP structure with high transmission is firstly designed as the unit cell of the metamaterial. To obtain the phase gradient, SSPP structures are arranged delicately in a way that they are conformal to the brachistochrone curve. In this way, quasi-continuous linear Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase profile can be realized strictly along one of the two transverse directions. To verify this idea, a dual-band transmissive metamaterial operating in X and Ku band was designed, fabricated and measured. Due to the phase gradient imparted by the conformal SSPP structures, high-efficiency anomalous refraction can be realized within the two bands. Different from the general PGM, the phase gradient of the conformal SSPP structure allows us to achieve the desired anomalous refraction angle without reconstructing the PB phase. Both the simulation and measurement results are well consistent with theoretical predictions. This work provides another strategy of achieving anomalous refraction and may find applications in beam steering, digital beam forming, etc.

Multifunctional full-space metasurface controlled by frequency, polarization and incidence angle.

Multifunctional metasurfaces have exhibited considerable abilities of manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves, especially in full-space manipulation. However, most works are implemented with functions controlled by polarization or frequency and seldom involve the incidence angle. Herein, we propose a multifunctional full-space metasurface controlled by frequency, polarization and incidence angle. A meta-atom is firstly designed. When EM waves illumine normally in the C-band, it possesses the characteristic of asymmetric transmission with high-efficient polarization conversion. In the Ku-band, both x- and y-polarized EM waves along both sides will be reflected and achieve broadband and high-efficient cross-polarization conversion. Also, when illumined obliquely, both sides can achieve efficient retroreflection at a certain frequency. As a proof of concept, a metasurface consisting of the above meta-atoms is configured as a dual orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beam generator and different beam deflector when illumined normally. Meanwhile, it acts as a multi-channel retroreflector when illumined obliquely. Both the simulated and measured results show excellent performances. Our findings provide a new degree of freedom to design multifunctional metasurfaces that can further promote applications.

Single-layer metasurface for ultra-wideband polarization conversion: bandwidth extension via Fano resonance.

In this paper, we propose a method of designing ultra-wideband single-layer metasurfaces for cross-polarization conversion, via the introduction of Fano resonances. By adding sub-branches onto the unit cell structure, the induced surface currents are disturbed, leading to coexistence of both bright and dark modes at higher frequencies. Due to the strong interaction between the two modes, Fano resonance can be produced. In this way, five resonances in all are produced by the single-layer metasurface. The first four are conventional and are generated by electric and magnetic resonances, whereas the fifth one is caused by Fano resonance, which further extends the bandwidth. A prototype was designed, fabricated and measured to verify this method. Both the simulated and measured results show that a 1:4.4 bandwidth can be achieved for both x- and y-polarized waves, with almost all polarization conversion ratio (PCR) above 90%. This method provides an effective alternative to metasurface bandwidth extension and can also be extended to higher bands such as THz and infrared frequencies.

Molecular Mechanisms of Epileptic Encephalopathy Caused by KCNMA1 Loss-of-Function Mutations.

The gene kcnma1 encodes the α-subunit of high-conductance calcium- and voltage-dependent K+ (BK) potassium channel. With the development of generation gene sequencing technology, many KCNMA1 mutants have been identified and are more closely related to generalized epilepsy and paroxysmal dyskinesia. Here, we performed a genetic screen of 26 patients with febrile seizures and identified a novel mutation of KCNMA1 (E155Q). Electrophysiological characterization of different KCNMA1 mutants in HEK 293T cells, the previously-reported R458T and E884K variants (not yet determined), as well as the newly-found E155Q variant, revealed that the current density amplitude of all the above variants was significantly smaller than that of the wild-type (WT) channel. All the above variants caused a positive shift of the I-V curve and played a role through the loss-of-function (LOF) mechanism. Moreover, the ß4 subunit slowed down the activation of the E155Q mutant. Then, we used kcnma1 knockout (BK KO) mice as the overall animal model of LOF mutants. It was found that BK KO mice had spontaneous epilepsy, motor impairment, autophagic dysfunction, abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, as well as possible anxiety and cognitive impairment. In addition, we performed transcriptomic analysis on the hippocampus and cortex of BK KO and WT mice. We identified many differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Eight dysregulated genes [i.e., (Gfap and Grm3 associated with astrocyte activation) (Alpl and Nlrp10 associated with neuroinflammation) (Efna5 and Reln associated with epilepsy) (Cdkn1a and Nr4a1 associated with autophagy)] were validated by RT-PCR, which showed a high concordance with transcriptomic analysis. Calcium imaging results suggested that BK might regulate the autophagy pathway from TRPML1. In conclusion, our study indicated that newly-found point E155Q resulted in a novel loss-of-function variant and the dysregulation of gene expression, especially astrocyte activation, neuroinflammation and autophagy, might be the molecular mechanism of BK-LOF meditated epilepsy.

Glycosylation of ß1 subunit plays a pivotal role in the toxin sensitivity and activation of BK channels

The accessory ß1 subunits, regulating the pharmacological and biophysical properties of BK channels, always undergo post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. To date, it remains elusive whether the glycosylation contributes to the regulation of BK channels by ß1 subunits. Methods: Herein, we combined the electrophysiological approach with molecular mutations and biochemical manipulation to investigate the function roles of N-glycosylation in ß1 subunits. Results: The results show that deglycosylation of ß1 subunits through double-site mutations (ß1 N80A/N142A or ß1 N80Q/N142Q) could significantly increase the inhibitory potency of iberiotoxin, a specific BK channel blocker. The deglycosylated channels also have a different sensitivity to martentoxin, another BK channel modulator with some remarkable effects as reported before. On the contrary to enhancing effects of martentoxin on glycosylated BK channels under the presence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, deglycosylated channels were not affected by the toxin. However, the deglycosylated channels were surprisingly inhibited by martentoxin under the absence of cytoplasmic Ca2+, while the glycosylated channels were not inhibited under this same condition. In addition, wild type BK (α+ß1) channels treated with PNGase F also showed the same trend of pharmacological results to the mutants. Similar to this modulation of glycosylation on BK channel pharmacology, the deglycosylated forms of the channels were activated at a faster speed than the glycosylated ones. However, the V1/2 and slope were not changed by the glycosylation. Conclusion: The present study reveals that glycosylation is an indispensable determinant of the modulation of ß1-subunit on BK channel pharmacology and its activation. The loss of glycosylation of ß1 subunits could lead to the dysfunction of BK channel, resulting in a pathological state.(AU)

Planar multi-angle retro-reflectors based on the wave-vector-reversion of spoof surface plasmon polaritons.

Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) is kind of sub-wavelength electromagnetic (EM) mode, which is favorable for miniaturization and thinning of EM devices. In this paper, we propose a method of designing thin planar retro-reflector that can operate under multiple incidence angles at the same frequency. The retro-reflector is composed of a transmissive phase gradient metasurface (TPGM) placed above a metallic patch array (MPA), where the former couples and decouples SSPPs while the latter supports eigen-mode propagation of SSPPs. Under oblique incident angles, the TGPM can impart 0 and π Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phases alternatively, producing P-B phase gradients along its surface. Incident waves can be coupled as SSPPs propagating on the MPA which will be reflected at the borders of the MPA, thus the wave-vector of SSPPs is reversed. In this way, retro-reflection can be realized under the two incidence angles θ=±45.0°. Moreover, due to mode mismatch between the TPGM and MPA under normal incidence, the retro-reflector acts like a planar metallic plate under θ=0°. To verify this method, a prototype was designed, fabricated and measured. Both the simulation and measurement results verify significant backscattering enhancement under θ=±45.0° and 0° at 10.0 GHz. This work provides an alternative method of designing planar retro-reflectors and may find applications in wireless communication, target tracking, etc.

Polarization-independent multi-channel retroreflective metasurfaces based on extraordinary optical diffraction.

Retroreflection can be achieved by phase gradient imparted by super-cells of metasurfaces. Nevertheless, in most cases, retroreflection can only be achieved for one specific polarization. In this paper, we propose an alternative design strategy and reveal that a polarization-independent multi-channel metasurface based on extraordinary optical diffraction (EOD) can achieve high-efficient retroreflection. A unary unit cell, instead of binary unit cells, is employed to canalize impinging EM waves along targeted diffraction channels. Under oblique incidence, only the -1st diffraction order is maintained and the 0th order and others are suppressed through structural design while the reflection is unaffected under normal incidence. In this way, we can achieve retroreflection in three channels. A proof-of-principle prototype was designed, fabricated and measured to verify this design strategy. The prototype can operate at 20.0 GHz under the incident angle of ±48.6° and 0° with the efficiency of retroreflection about 90%. Both the simulated and measured results show an excellent performance of retroreflection along the three channels, regardless of the polarization state of incident waves. This method offers a fast implementation for retrodirective characteristics with facile planar fabrication and can also be easily extended to THz or optical regimes.

Overcome chromatism of metasurface via Greedy Algorithm empowered by self-organizing map neural network.

Chromatism generally exists in most metasurfaces. Because of this, the deflected angle of metasurface reflectors usually varies with frequency. This inevitably hinders wide applications of metasurfaces to broadband signal scenarios. Therefore, it is of great significance to overcome chromatism of metasurfaces. With this aim, we firstly analyze necessary conditions for achromatic metasurface deflectors (AMD) and deduce the ideal dispersions of meta-atoms. Then, we establish a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) Neural Network as a prepositive model to obtain a diversified searching map, which is then applied to Greedy Algorithm to search meta-atoms with the required dispersions. Using these meta-atoms, an AMD was designed and simulated, with a thickness about 1/15 the central wavelength. A prototype was fabricated and measured. Both the simulation and measurement show that the proposed AMD can achieve an almost constant deflected angle of 22° under normal incidence within 9.5-10.5GHz. This method may find wide applications in designing functional metasurfaces for satellite communications, mobile wireless communications and others.