Disaster Preparedness Among Nurses in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Increasingly frequent global disasters such as coronavirus disease 2019 pose a threat to human health and life. The World Health Organization has called on countries to formulate detailed plans to prepare for disasters. It is critical to investigate and evaluate the disaster preparedness of nurses. PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the disaster preparedness and psychological condition of nurses in China and analyze the significant factors influencing their disaster preparedness. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020, and 1,313 nurses were enrolled using convenience sampling. The study questionnaires were distributed and collected via a networking platform equivalent to Amazon Mechanical Turk. The disaster preparedness of the respondents was measured using the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate anxiety and depression status, and a self-designed questionnaire developed based on a review of the literature was used to explore the potential factors of influence on disaster preparedness. RESULTS: The average score for disaster preparedness among the participants was 186.34 ( SD = 40.80), which corresponded with a moderate level, especially in skill (mean score = 42.01, SD = 12.39). Items with higher scores included support for the government, personal protection, and health education, whereas items with lower scores included nursing leadership in the community, capacity to cope with chemical or biological attacks, and assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Disaster preparedness was negatively related with mental health, including depression and anxiety. The main factors affecting disaster preparedness included educational background, nursing specialty, prior disaster training, prior disaster rescue experience, and depression level. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The disaster preparedness of Chinese nurses must be improved. More attention should be paid to disaster preparedness in nurses, and future tailored interventions are urgently needed to promote nursing leadership in the community, the ability to cope with chemical or biological attacks, and posttraumatic stress disorder assessments. Moreover, relieving negative emotions to promote the mental health of nurses should receive greater attention.

Single cell sequencing analysis uncovers genetics-influenced CD16+monocytes and memory CD8+T cells involved in severe COVID-19

BackgroundUnderstanding the host genetic architecture and viral immunity contributes to the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Alterations of immune responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells play a crucial role in the detrimental progression of COVID-19. However, the effects of host genetic factors on immune responses for severe COVID-19 remain largely unknown. MethodsWe constructed a powerful computational framework to characterize the host genetics-influenced immune cell subpopulations for severe COVID-19 by integrating GWAS summary statistics (N = 969,689 samples) with four independent scRNA-seq datasets (N = 606,534 cells). ResultsWe found that 34 risk genes were significantly associated with severe COVID-19, and the number of highly-expressed genetics-risk genes increased with the severity of COVID-19. Three cell-subtypes that are CD16+monocytes, megakaryocytes, and memory CD8+T cells were significantly enriched by COVID-19-related genetic association signals. Notably, three causal risk genes of CCR1, CXCR6, and ABO were specifically expressed in these three cell types, respectively. CCR1+CD16+monocytes and ABO+ megakaryocytes with significant up-regulated genes including S100A12, S100A8, S100A9, and IFITM1 confer higher risk to the cytokine storms among severe patients. CXCR6+ memory CD8+ T cells exhibit a notable polyfunctionality of multiple immunologic features, including elevation of proliferation, migration, and chemotaxis. Moreover, we observed a prominent increase in cell-cell interactions of both CCR1+ CD16+monocytes and CXCR6+ memory CD8+T cells in severe patients compared to normal controls among both PBMCs and lung tissues, and elevated interactions with epithelial cells could contribute to enhance the resident to lung airway for against COVID-19 infection. ConclusionsWe uncover a major genetics-modulated immunological shift between mild and severe infection, including an increase in up-regulated genetic-risk genes, excessive secreted inflammatory cytokines, and functional immune cell subsets contributing high risk to severity, which provides novel insights in parsing the host genetics-influenced immune cells for severe COVID-19.

Advancement in endovascular therapy of aortoiliac occlusive disease / 中华外科杂志

Aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) refers to the stenosis and occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta and(or) bifurcation of the aortoiliac artery,which is mainly caused by atherosclerosis,leading to pelvic and lower limb ischemia.Open surgery has always been the main treatment for complex AIOD.However,in recent years,with the development of endovascular surgery technologies and medical instruments,its treatment concept has been greatly changed.More and more clinical evidence has proved that the long-term efficacy of endovascular therapy is not inferior to that of traditional open surgery,so minimally invasive endovascular therapy has become the preferred treatment for AIOD.

Research on medical system based on blockchain technology.

ABSTRACT: Medical data sharing, anti-tampering, and leakage prevention have always been severe problems that plagued the pharmaceutical industry. When a patient is referred, he often cannot provide information about previous visits because the medical information of each hospital cannot be shared in most cases, but only through Medical records, test sheets, and other easily lost paper information are used to share some medical information. At the same time, patient medical information is easily leaked, and the medical information provided in the event of a medical dispute cannot guarantee authenticity and impartiality. This article designs a consortium medical blockchain system based on a Possible Byzantine Fault Tolerance algorithm. This system is a medical system that is maintained and shared by multiple nodes and can prevent medical data from being tampered with or leaked. It can be used to solve these medical problems. Compared with the existing medical blockchain system, this system has certain advantages and better applicability.

COVID-19 Quarantine Reveals Grade-specific Behavioral Modification of Myopia: One-Million Chinese Schoolchildren Study

BackgroundHigh prevalence of myopia of adolescent has been a global public health concern. Their risk factors and effective prevention methods for myopia across schoolchildren developmental stages are critically needed but remain uncertain due to the difficulty in implementing intervention measurements under normal life situation. We aimed to study the impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on myopia development among over one-million schoolchildren. MethodsWe designed the ongoing longitudinal project of Myopic Epidemiology and Intervention Study (MEIS) to biannually examine myopia among millions of schoolchildren for ten years in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. In the present study, we performed three examinations of myopia in 1,305 elementary and high schools for schoolchildren in June 2019, December 2019 and June 2020. We used the normal period (June-December 2019) and COVID-19 quarantine period (January-June 2020) for comparisons. Myopia was defined as an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 or less and a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -0.5 diopters (D) or less. High myopia was defined as an SER of -6.0 D or less. FindingsIn June 2019, 1,001,749 students aged 7-18 were eligible for examinations. In the 6-month and 12-month follow-up studies, there were 813,755 eligible students (81.2%) and 768,492 eligible students (76.7%), respectively. Among all students, we found that half-year myopia progression increased approximate 1.5 times from -0.263 D (95% CI, -0.262 to -0.264) during normal period to -0.39 D (95% CI, -0.389 to -0.391) during COVID-19 quarantine (P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified grade rather than age was significantly associated with myopia (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.13; P < 0.001) and high myopia (HR: 1.40, 95% CI, 1.35 to 1.46; P < 0.001) after adjustment for other factors. The prevalence, progression, and incidence of myopia and high myopia could be categorized into two grade groups: I (grades 1-6) and II (grades 7-12). Specifically, COVID-19 quarantine for 6 months sufficiently increased risk of developing myopia (OR: 1.36, 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.40) or high myopia (OR: 1.30, 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.39) in Grade Group I, but decreased risk of developing myopia (OR: 0.45, 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.48) or high myopia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.59) in Grade Group II. InterpretationThe finding that behavioral modifications for six months during COVID-19 quarantine sufficiently and grade-specifically modify myopia development offers the largest human behavioral intervention data at the one million scale to identify the grade-specific causal factors and effective prevention methods for guiding the formulation of myopia prevention and control policies. FundingKey Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China; the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Scientific Research Foundation for Talents of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province. Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSMyopia is the most-common refractive error worldwide. Myopia with younger onset may result in developing high myopia, which is associated with sight-threatening ocular diseases such as maculopathy, retinal detachment, opticneuropathy, glaucoma, retinal atrophy, choroidal neovascularization. In light of the increasing prevalence of myopia and high myopia has been a global public health concern, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on myopia development has gained substantial attention. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases for original articles reported between database inception and November 10, 2020, using the following search terms: (coronavirus OR COVID* OR SARS-COV-2 OR lockdown OR quarantine) AND (myopia OR short-sightedness OR refractive error). To date, there was no original study reported to uncover the influence of COVID-19 quarantine on myopia progression. Added value of this studyThis study provides the largest longitudinal intervention data on myopia progression in Chinese schoolchildren covering all grades of schoolchildren at one-million scale. COVID-19 quarantine model uncovers that behavioral modifications for six months may lead to significant increase of overall prevalence of myopia associated with their increased screen times and decreased outdoor activity times. Importantly, their effects on developing myopia or high myopia of students are grade-dependent, which were risk factors for elementary schools period but protective factors for high schools period partly due to reduced school education burden. Implications of all the available evidenceThis one-million schoolchildren myopia survey offers evidence that six months behavioral modifications sufficiently and grade-specifically change the progression of myopia and high myopia. In view of the increased use of electronic devices is an unavoidable trend, effective myopia prevention strategy according to grade among students is urgently needed. Since COVID-19 outbreak is still ongoing and spreading, international collaborate efforts are warranted to uncover the influence of COVID-19 on myopia progression to further substantiate these findings.

Integrative Genomics Analysis Reveals a Novel 21q22.11 Locus Contributing to Susceptibility of COVID-19

The systematic identification of host genetic risk factors is essential for the understanding and treatment of COVID-19. By performing a meta-analysis of two independent genome-wide association (GWAS) summary datasets (N = 680,128), a novel locus at 21q22.11 was identified to be associated with COVID-19 infection (rs9976829 in IFNAR2 and upstream of IL10RB, OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.09 - 1.23, P = 2.57x10-6). The rs9976829 represents a strong splicing quantitative trait locus (sQTL) for both IFNAR2 and IL10RB genes, especially in lung tissue (P 1.8x10-24). Gene-based association analysis also found IFNAR2 was significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (P = 2.58x10-7). Integrative genomics analysis of combining GWAS with eQTL data showed the expression variations of IFNAR2 and IL10RB have prominent effects on COVID-19 in various types of tissues, especially in lung tissue. The majority of IFNAR2-expressing cells were dendritic cells (40%) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (38.5%), and IL10RB-expressing cells were mainly nonclassical monocytes (29.6%). IFNAR2 and IL10RB are targeted by several interferons-related drugs. Together, our results uncover 21q22.11 as a novel susceptibility locus for COVID-19, in which individuals with G alleles of rs9976829 have a higher probability of COVID-19 susceptibility than those with non-G alleles.

Co-expression of Mitochondrial Genes and ACE2 in Cornea Involved in COVID-19 Infection

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic severely challenges public health and necessitates the need for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and propagation. Here, the co-expression network was constructed by mapping the well-known ACE2, TMPRSS2 and host susceptibility genes implicated in COVID-19 GWAS onto a cornea, retinal pigment epithelium and lung. We found a significant co-expression module of these genes in the cornea, revealing that cornea is potential extra-respiratory entry portal of SARS-CoV-2. Strikingly, both co-expression and interaction networks show a significant enrichment in mitochondrial function, which are the hub of cellular oxidative homeostasis, inflammation and innate immune response. We identified a corneal mitochondrial susceptibility module (CMSM) of 14 mitochondrial genes by integrating ACE2 co-expression cluster and SARS-CoV-2 interactome. Gene ECSIT, as a cytosolic adaptor protein involved in inflammatory responses, exhibits the strongest correlation with ACE2 in CMSM, which has shown to be an important risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and prognosis. Our co-expression and protein interaction network analysis uncover that the mitochondrial function related genes in cornea contribute to the dissection of COVID-19 susceptibility and potential therapeutic interventions.

Highland of COVID-19 outside Hubei: epidemic characteristics, control and projections of Wenzhou, China

In late December 2019, Chinese authorities reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China1. A novel strain of coronavirus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated and identified on 2 January 2020 2. Human-to-human transmission have been confirmed by a study of a family cluster and have occurred in health-care workers 3,4. Until 10 February 2020, 42638 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been confirmed in China, of which 31728 came from Hubei Province (Figure). Wenzhou, as a southeast coastal city with the most cases outside Hubei Province, its policy control and epidemic projections have certain references for national and worldwide epidemic prevention and control. We described the epidemiologic characteristics of COVID-19 in Wenzhou and made a transmission model to predict the expected number of cases in the coming days.

Aerosol formation during non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and its significance for prevention of COVID-19 / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the aerosol concentration(PM2.5,PM10.0 and aerosol particle number) formation in non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and provide suggestions for medical workers to take appropriate daily protection during the prevalence of 2019-nCoV.@*Methods@#A cross-sectional study was carried out in this study. Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled on February 22, 2020 at Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer in the ophthalmic consulting room and the hall with or without masks. PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles were recorded by air quality detector. The cumulative effects of IOP measurement, PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particle number were analyzed, and the aerosol density of subjects with and without masks was compared.@*Results@#The PM2.5, PM10.0 and aerosol particles produced by the non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and increased with the increase of spray times. The IOP curves of 60 eyes of 30 subjects were measured respectively in two environments of medical consulting room and medical institution hall. It was found that PM2.5, pm10.0 and particle number fluctuated and increased with the increase of IOP measurement person times, showing cumulative effect, and the accumulation speed of aerosol density in hall was faster than that in consulting room. The density of PM2.5 and PM10.0 produced without gauze mask were (53.417±2.306) and (85.350± 3.488) μg/m3, which were higher than those of (50.567±0.862) and (80.617±1.463) μg/m3 with gauze mask. The differences were statistically significant (P=0.028, 0.019).@*Conclusions@#Aerosol can be produced by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer spraying, and it fluctuates with the increase of spraying times, showing a cumulative effect. The aerosol accumulation is higher in the hall with insufficient air circulation. And more aerosol can be produced without gauze mask.

Necessity and feasibility of viral RNA detection in specialist ophthalmic institute during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中华实验眼科杂志

The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China is now at a key stage. The tasks faced by the medical organs are fighting against the COVID-19 while providing the medical services orderly. As a Specialist medical institution nationwide, ophthalmic hospitals are resuming receiving patients and performing operations gradually, including precision interruption of the epidemic, prevention of the secondary virus transmission, and avoidance of nosocomial cross infection among health care providers are required. We explored a multifaceted management for the prevention and control of epidemic, with a special focus on the individual protection for patients and medical staffs. A preliminary positive effect can be observed as a result. The main measures taken cover two aspects. On the one hand, 2019-nCoV ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection and hematological indices inspection including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are listed as routine tests of preoperative screening for ocular surgical patients. These tests are required to be completed upon the admission to avoid the possibility of accepting any asymptomatic infected individual and to reduce the risk of nosocomial cross infection. On the other hand, the 2019-nCoV RNA detection is also provided to high-risk employees who visited affected area recently. This assists in obtaining guarantee in both safety and quality of medical services provided, but also helps in lessening the mental and spiritual stress for medical staffs. It is expected that these measures can contribute to the work of our peers of ophthalmology in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and to the safe environment where the medical services are provided, and provide a reference for other outbreak of virus-causing disease.

Development of a remote dedicated doctor platform of ophthalmology and its application efficiency during epidemic of COVID-19 / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:Due to the circumstances where people being required to home quarantine and eye hospitals being unable to receive patient normally, The application of internet plus technology is explored to build Remote Dedicated Doctor Platform of Ophthalmology (RDDPO) for online consultation, accessing to medication, medical services and advises orderly, and to help to further develop and apply the platform.Methods:In 2018, RDDPO was jointly developed.It has been modified and improved to the formulation of national medical policy and medical insurance policy and the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, and it has been carried out comprehensive application verification during the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.With a B/S structure, platform docks the official accounts of Wechat platform.On the server side, three J2EE frameworks of the integrated development, including Struts2, Spring and Hibernate are adopted; on the mobile client side, a combination of development tools including React-Native and Redux is used.Meanwhile, a micro-services Architecture (msA) of RESTful WebAPI is chosen at the business logic layer.The terminal data information is used to summarize the results of the platform's functional services for ophthalmic patients, such as remote diagnosis and treatment, online prescription, medicine delivery and health education, etc., and to make statistics on all kinds of data during the epidemic prevention and control period, so as to verify the operations management capabilities of the platform's functions.Results:During the period of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, the number of monthly visits of RDDPO increased from 1063 person times from September 1, 2019 to the end of September to 30 002 person times from February 1, 2020 to February 28, 2020.The proportion of diagnosis and treatment person times of this platform in the total number of diagnosis and treatment person times increased from 19.1% (203/1 063) to 92.3% (277/3 002), which can effectively avoid the risk of personal contact infection and meet the patients' medical needs.95.8% of the patients were very satisfied.95.8% of the patients were very satisfied.Conclusions:The RDDPO establishes a channel for doctor-patient communication during the epidemic, which can be considered as an important way to effectively address the needs of patients for medical treatment.

Aerosol formation during non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and its significance for prevention of COVID-19 / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the aerosol and concentration (PM2.5, PM10 and aerosol particle number) formation in non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and provide suggestions for medical workers to take appropriate daily protection during the prevalence of 2019-nCoV.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in this study.Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled on February 22, 2020 in Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer in the ophthalmic consulting room and the hall with or without masks.Particulate matter (PM)2.5, PM10 and aerosol particles were recorded by air quality detector.The cumulative effects of IOP measurement, PM2.5, PM10 and aerosol particle number were analyzed, and the aerosol density of subjects with and without masks was compared.Results:The PM2.5, PM10 and aerosol particles produced by the non-contact "air-puff" tonometry and increased with the increase of spray times.The IOP curves of 60 eyes of 30 subjects were measured respectively in two environments of medical consulting room and medical institution hall.It was found that PM2.5, PM10 and particle number fluctuated and increased with the increase of IOP measurement person times, showing cumulative effect, and the accumulation speed of aerosol density in hall was faster than that in consulting room.The density of PM2.5 and PM10 produced without gauze mask were (53.417±2.306) and (85.350± 3.488) μg/m 3, which were higher than those of (50.567±0.862) and (80.617±1.463) μg/m 3 with gauze mask.The differences were statistically significant (P=0.028, 0.019), and significant difference was found in aerosol density between with and without gauze mask, although more aerosol was produced without gauze mask in comparison to gauze mask (P=0.123). Conclusions:Aerosol can be produced by non-contact "air-puff" tonometer spraying, and it fluctuates with the increase of spraying times, showing a cumulative effect.The aerosol and particulate matter accumulation is higher in the hall with insufficient air circulation, and more aerosol and PM can be produced without gauze mask.

Necessity and feasibility of viral RNA detection in specialist ophthalmic institute during the COVID-19 epidemic / 中华实验眼科杂志

The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in China is now at a key stage.The tasks faced by the medical organs are fighting against the COVID-19 while providing the medical services orderly.As a Specialist medical institution nationwide, ophthalmic hospitals are resuming receiving patients and performing operations gradually, including precision interruption of the epidemic, prevention of the secondary virus transmission, and avoidance of nosocomial cross infection among health care providers are required.We explored a multifaceted management for the prevention and control of epidemic, with a special focus on the individual protection for patients and medical staffs.A preliminary positive effect can be observed as a result.The main measures taken cover two aspects.On the one hand, 2019-nCoV ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection and hematological indices inspection including C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) are listed as routine tests of preoperative screening for ocular surgical patients.These tests are required to be completed upon the admission to avoid the possibility of accepting any asymptomatic infected individual and to reduce the risk of nosocomial cross infection.On the other hand, the 2019-nCoV RNA detection is also provided to high-risk employees who visited affected area recently.This assists in obtaining guarantee in both safety and quality of medical services provided, but also helps in lessening the mental and spiritual stress for medical staffs.It is expected that these measures can contribute to the work of our peers of ophthalmology in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and to the safe environment where the medical services are provided, and provide a reference for other outbreak of virus-causing disease.

Survival analysis of patients with spinal chordomas.

This study was aimed to analyze the survival of patients with spinal chordomas. Patients' data in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were retrieved and analyzed statistically. There were 765 patients with spinal chordomas between 1974 and 2013. The overall survival did not improve significantly over decades for patients receiving surgery and radiotherapy (SR) (P = 0.221). There were significant differences in overall survival among subgroups of patients receiving surgery (S), radiotherapy (R), and neither S nor R (NSR) (P = 0.031, 0.037, and 0.031, respectively). Cancer-specific survival did not change significantly among subgroups of patients receiving R (P = 0.411), while it increased steadily among subgroups of patients receiving S, SR, and NSR (P < 0.001, 0.001, and 0.049, respectively). In the multivariate Cox regression model, younger onset age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.052, P < 0.001), surgery (HR 0.291, P = 0.001), and tumor location of the sacrum (HR 0.401, P = 0.002) were associated with a better overall survival. Similarly, younger onset age (HR 1.036, P = 0.029), surgery (HR 0.221, P = 0.009), and tumor location of the sacrum (HR 0.287, P = 0.002) were also associated with a higher cancer-specific survival. The changes in overall and cancer-specific survival over time differ among different treatment groups. Younger onset age, surgical strategy, and tumor location of the sacrum may be correlated with a higher overall and cancer-specific survival.

Comparative study on quality of decoction pieces of Saposhnikovia divaricata with different growth patterns and years and thinking of standard of decoction pieces of S. divaricata in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to compare the internal chemical composition and appearance indifferent growth patterns and years of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction pieces,which was applied to explore the effect of growth patterns and years on its quality. The appearance characteristic data of 55 batches of different growth patterns and years of S. divaricata were collected using PANTONE color card.High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cinmifugin,cimifugin,4-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The content of alcohol soluble extract and water-soluble extract were determined by hot-dip method. The content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The correlation between growth patterns and years and the contents of 4 chromones,extracts and volatile oil were analyzed by modern statistical methods. Also,the method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal pieces was developed by combining the growth patterns and years,appearance and chemical indexes. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects on the survival rate of RAW264. 7 cells at four different concentrations of chromones and LPS was used to stimulate well-growing RAW264. 7 cells to establish an inflammatory model. The contents of NO and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by NO test kit and ELISA method. The contents of alcohol soluble extracts and water-soluble extracts in different growth patterns and years are: wild products<perennial cultivation<annual cultivation; the contents of volatile oil are: wild products>perennial cultivation>annual cultivation; the contents of four chromones are: wild products>perennial cultivation and annual cultivation. There was no significant difference between the sum of the two indexes in the Pharmacopoeia of perennial cultivation and wild products. 4 chromones showed no toxicity to RAW264. 7 cells at 5 mg·L-1. The release of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by 4 chromones and the anti-inflammatory effect of cimifugin was the best. In summary,there are obvious differences in appearance characteristics,internal quality and effects between different growth patterns and years. It showed that the wild products were superior to the perennial cultivation and the perennial cultivation was superior to the annual cultivation. In order to alleviate the shortage of wild S. divaricata resources,it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard should increase the character of decoction pieces of perennial cultivation,and properly raise the limit requirement of the sum of the two indexes in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to ensure the clinical demands and effect.

Prognostic factors to survival of patients with chondroblastic osteosarcoma.

This study was aimed to reveal the changes in survival rates and prognostic factors to survival of chondroblastic osteosarcoma (COS).Patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were retrieved. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used during analysis.There were significant differences on overall survival between subtypes of osteosarcoma (P < .001*). Overall survival of COS did not change significantly during last forty years (P = .610), and cancer-specific survival increased to a plateau in 1980s and then remained stable (P = .058). Younger onset age, patients of white race, well and moderately differentiated tumors, and surgery independently predicted better overall (Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.034, P < .001*; HR: 0.538, P = .004*; HR: 0.240, P = .020* and HR: 0.350, P < .001*, respectively) and cancer-specific (HR: 1.031, P = .002*; HR: 0.592, P = .036*; HR: 0.098, P = .027* and HR: 0.253, P < .001*, respectively) survival. Metastasis at diagnosis independently predicted worse overall (HR: 3.108, P < .001*) and cancer-specific (HR: 4.26, P < .001*) survival compared to no metastasis.Younger onset age, white race, well and moderately differentiated tumors, no metastasis at diagnosis and surgical resection can independently predict better overall and cancer-specific survival of COS.

Improvement of quality standards of Arthritis Ointment / 中草药

Objective: To improve the quality standards for Arthritis Ointment. Methods: TLC was applied to identification of Angelica dahurica in qualitative identification. The camphor and borneol contents were determined by GC. Results: The TLC spots of A. dahurica were distinct and reproducible, and negative without interference. The linear ranges of camphor and borneol were 0.401 41-4.014 1 and 0.393 34-3.933 4 μg. The average contents of camphor and borneol were 6.038 0 and 5.353 9 mg/g. The average recoveries of camphor and borneol were 99.32% and 99.82%. Conclusion: The established quality standards are accurate, simple, and feasible, and could be used for quality control of Arthritis Ointment.

Comparison of effects of ultrasound-guided implantation of radioative 125I particles in treatment of pancreatic cancer between percutaneous puncture and laparotomy / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To discuss the clinical effects of implantation of radioative 125I seeds by the way of percutaneous puncture and laparotomy under the guidance of ultrasound in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and to provide the basis for choosing surgical methods in treating advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical materials of 73 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer were collected, including 42 patients who underwent implantation of radioactive 125I seeds by percutaneous puncture(group A) and 31 patients who underwent impantation of radioactive 125I seeds by laparotomy(group B).The pain relief, local control of tumor, postoperative survival time and complications of the patients were compared between two groups. Results:The rates of pain relief of the patients in group A and group B were 91.89% and 86.40%,and there was no significant difference(P=0.815).The local control rates of the patients in group A and group B were 71.43% and 77.42% ,and there was no significant difference(P=0.564).The medium survival time of the patients in group A and group B were 11 months and 12 months;the one-year survival rates were 36.9% and 35.8%, and there was no significant difference(P=0.664).Seven patients in group A got fever;in group B, six patients got fever, two got calf muscle venous thrombosis, one got gastric retention, one got bilioentric anastomosis, one got abdominal distension and one got intestinal obstruction in the early stage after operation.The incidence rates of complications of the patients in two groups were 16.67% and 38.71%, and there was significant difference(P=0.034).Conclusion:Percutaneous implantation of radioactive 125I particles guided by ultrasound causes less complications in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer.Moreover, the percutaneous way reaches the same effect as the intraoperative way does on the pain relief, local control of tumor and survival time prolonged.

The role of MT-ND1 m.3635G>A mutation in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of MT-ND1 m.3635G>A mutation in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Biochemical characteristics including the activity of complex Ⅰ, ATP production and oxygen consumption rate among lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from 3 carriers, 3 affected matrilineal relatives of the families and 3 controls were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Comparison of mitochondrial functions in lymphoblastoid cell lines of the carriers, patients and controls showed a 51.0% decrease in the activity of complex Ⅰ in patients compared with controls (P<0.05). The m.3635G>A mutation has resulted in decreased efficiency of ATP synthesis (P<0.05). Comparison of oxygen consumption rate showed that the basal OCR (P<0.05), ATP-linked OCR (P<0.05) and the maximum OCR (P<0.05) have all reduced to some extent compared with the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results showed that m.3635G>A, as a LHON-associated mutation, can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction.</p>

Rapid Identification of Xiangsha Pingwei Pill(Watered Pill)from Different Manufacturers by Near-infared Spectroscopic Method / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the rapid identification of Xiangsha pingwei pill(watered pill)from different manufacturers. METHODS:Near-infared spectroscopic method was conducted to collect the infrared spectroscopy of 95 batches of Xiangsha pingwei pill(watered pill) from 5 manufacturers,first derivative was combined with vector normalization to analyze the spectral data,mathematical models were established and validated. RESULTS:When the CI value was 5.6,the established model can identify samples from Li Shizhen Pharmaceutical Group Co.,Ltd. quickly,the model was validated to be achievable;and when the CI value was 4.7,the established model can identify Samples from Jinma Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. in Shangqiu city quickly, the model was validated to be achievable. CONCLUSIONS:The method is convenient,rapid and non-destructive,and can identify different Xiangsha pingwei pill(watered pill)from different manufacturers quickly.