ABSTRACT
Natural small molecular drugs with excellent biocompatibility, diverse pharmacological activities, and wide sources play an increasingly important role in the development of new drug and disease treatment. In recent years, the utilization of paclitaxel, camptothecin, rhein, curcumin, and other natural small molecular drugs with unique rigid backbone structures and modifiable multiple sites as building blocks to form gels by self-assembly has attracted widespread attention. The obtained low-molecular-weight supramolecular gel not only retains the general characteristics of the gel but also overcomes the shortcomings of natural drugs, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability. It has the advantages of high drug loading, low toxicity, and outstanding stimulus responsiveness, which is widely used in biomedical fields. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of natural-drugs-based low-molecular-weight supramolecular gels reported in recent years and summarized their assembly mechanism, gel structure, gel properties, and potential applications. It is expected to provide a reference for further research of natural-drugs-based supramolecular gels.
ABSTRACT
Scaffold-free tissue engineered cell sheet is an emerging technology in biomedical field. It can avoid the adverse effects of scaffold materials, and can be further assembled to form more complex three-dimensional functional tissues. The construction of cell sheet is mainly based on the culture substrate composed of sensitive materials. By changing the stimulation factors such as temperature, enzyme, light, ion, redox, pH and sugar, the adhesion behavior of the substrate to the cells could be changed to make the cells detach naturally, thus generating the cell sheet. Recent years have seen the development of various simple and efficient construction technologies of cell sheet due to the development of a variety of novel sensitive culture substrates. The resulted cell sheets with excellent performance have greatly expanded their applications. This review summarized the construction methods of tissue engineered cell sheet and discussed the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
Subject(s)
Tissue Engineering , Tissue Scaffolds , TemperatureABSTRACT
Hydrogels have outstanding research and application prospects in the biomedical field. Among them, the design and preparation of biomedical hydrogels with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as building blocks have attracted increasing research interest. DNA-based hydrogel not only has the skeleton function of hydrogel, but also retains its biological functions, including its excellent selection specificity, structural designability, precise molecular recognition ability, outstanding biocompatibility, and so on. It has shown important application prospects in the biomedical field, such as drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering. In recent years, researchers have made full use of the characteristics of DNA molecules and constructed various pure DNA-based hydrogels with excellent properties through various crosslinking methods. Moreover, via introducing functional molecules or elements, or combining with other functional materials, a variety of multifunctional DNA-based hybrid hydrogels have also been constructed, which expand the breadth and depth of their applications. Here, we described the recent development trend in the area of DNA-based hydrogels and highlighted various preparation methods of DNA-based hydrogels. Representative biomedical applications are also exemplified to show the high performance of DNA-based hydrogels. Meanwhile, the existing problems and prospects are also summarized. This review provided references for the further development of DNA-based hydrogels.
