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Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of the camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as second-line or later therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) negative advanced gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 66 patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer and first-line treatment failure in Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from March 2018 to September 2021 were selected. They were divided into study group ( n=22) and control group ( n=44) according to the different treatment regimens. The patients in the study group were treated with camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy, and the patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy alone. The short-term efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) , overall survival (OS) and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared, and Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of prognosis. Results:After at least 2-4 cycles of treatment, the ORR in the study group and the control group were 9.1% (2/22) and 0 (0/44) respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P=0.108) . DCR in the two groups were 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (20/44) respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=6.03, P=0.014) . The study group didn’t reach median OS and the median OS in the control group was 11.7 months, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=1.59, P=0.207) . The study group didn’t reach median PFS and the median PFS in the control group was 3.2 months, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=10.13, P=0.001) . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that treatment method was an independent influencing factor for PFS in patients with HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer ( HR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.15-0.75, P=0.008) . In terms of adverse reactions, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase between the study group and the control group [31.8% (7/22) vs. 6.8% (3/44) , χ2=5.32, P=0.021]. There were no adverse-related deaths in both groups. Conclusion:Compared with chemotherapy alone, camrelizumab combined with apatinib and chemotherapy as a second-line or later therapy in HER-2 negative advanced gastric cancer can prolong PFS and improve DCR, but the incidence of elevated alanine aminotransferase increases significantly.
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Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a promising technology for population-level surveillance of COVID-19 disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is shed in the stool of infected individuals and aggregated in public sewers, where it can be quantified to provide information on population-level disease incidence that is unbiased by access to clinical testing. In this study, we present results from the largest nationwide wastewater monitoring system in the United States reported to date. We profile 55 locations with at least six months of sampling and highlight their wastewater data from April 2020 through May 2021. These locations represent over 12 million individuals across 19 states. Samples were collected approximately weekly by wastewater treatment utilities as part of a regular wastewater surveillance service and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 concentrations using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 (copies/mL) were normalized to pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), a stable and persistent indicator of feces concentrations in wastewater. Here, we show that wastewater data reflects temporal and geographic trends in clinical COVID-19 cases, demonstrating that wastewater surveillance is a feasible approach for nationwide population-level monitoring of COVID-19 disease. We also provide key lessons learned from our broad-scale implementation of wastewater-based epidemiology, which can be used to inform wastewater-based epidemiology approaches for future emerging diseases. With an evolving epidemic and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, wastewater-based epidemiology can serve as an important passive surveillance approach to detect changing dynamics or resurgences of the virus. HighlightsO_LIWe present results from a nationwide wastewater monitoring network in the United States, which represents one of the broadest temporal and geographic wastewater-based epidemiology datasets to-date. C_LIO_LIWastewater concentrations measured within individual locations reflect temporal trends in reported COVID-19 cases in the associated communities. C_LIO_LIWastewater concentrations also reflect geographic patterns in reported COVID-19 cases across states throughout the pandemic. C_LIO_LINormalizing wastewater concentrations to a fecal marker virus improves the correlation between wastewater data and clinical cases across locations but not necessarily over time within individual locations. C_LIO_LIImplementing a nationwide wastewater monitoring system for SARS-CoV-2 is feasible, practical, and sustainable. C_LI
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Wastewater surveillance has emerged as a useful tool in the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. While wastewater surveillance has been applied at various scales to monitor population-level COVID-19 dynamics, there is a need for quantitative metrics to interpret wastewater data in the context of public health trends. We collected 24-hour composite wastewater samples from March 2020 through May 2021 from a Massachusetts wastewater treatment plant and measured SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations using RT-qPCR. We show that the relationship between wastewater viral titers and COVID-19 clinical cases and deaths varies over time. We demonstrate the utility of three new metrics to monitor changes in COVID-19 epidemiology: (1) the ratio between wastewater viral titers and clinical cases (WC ratio), (2) the time lag between wastewater and clinical reporting, and (3) a transfer function between the wastewater and clinical case curves. We find that the WC ratio increases after key events, providing insight into the balance between disease spread and public health response. We also find that wastewater data preceded clinically reported cases in the first wave of the pandemic but did not serve as a leading indicator in the second wave, likely due to increased testing capacity. These three metrics could complement a framework for integrating wastewater surveillance into the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.
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Wastewater-based disease surveillance is a promising approach for monitoring community outbreaks. Here we describe a nationwide campaign to monitor SARS-CoV-2 in the wastewater of 159 counties in 40 U.S. states, covering 13% of the U.S. population from February 18 to June 2, 2020. Out of 1,751 total samples analyzed, 846 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with overall viral concentrations declining from April to May. Wastewater viral titers were consistent with, and appeared to precede, clinical COVID-19 surveillance indicators, including daily new cases. Wastewater surveillance had a high detection rate (>80%) of SARS-CoV-2 when the daily incidence exceeded 13 per 100,000 people. Detection rates were positively associated with wastewater treatment plant catchment size. To our knowledge, this work represents the largest-scale wastewater-based SARS-CoV-2 monitoring campaign to date, encompassing a wide diversity of wastewater treatment facilities and geographic locations. Our findings demonstrate that a national wastewater-based approach to disease surveillance may be feasible and effective.
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Current estimates of COVID-19 prevalence are largely based on symptomatic, clinically diagnosed cases. The existence of a large number of undiagnosed infections hampers population-wide investigation of viral circulation. Here, we use longitudinal wastewater analysis to track SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in wastewater at a major urban wastewater treatment facility in Massachusetts, between early January and May 2020. SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in wastewater on March 3. Viral titers in wastewater increased exponentially from mid-March to mid-April, after which they began to decline. Viral titers in wastewater correlated with clinically diagnosed new COVID-19 cases, with the trends appearing 4-10 days earlier in wastewater than in clinical data. We inferred viral shedding dynamics by modeling wastewater viral titers as a convolution of back-dated new clinical cases with the viral shedding function of an individual. The inferred viral shedding function showed an early peak, likely before symptom onset and clinical diagnosis, consistent with emerging clinical and experimental evidence. Finally, we found that wastewater viral titers at the neighborhood level correlate better with demographic variables than with population size. This work suggests that longitudinal wastewater analysis can be used to identify trends in disease transmission in advance of clinical case reporting, and may shed light on infection characteristics that are difficult to capture in clinical investigations, such as early viral shedding dynamics.
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Wastewater surveillance may represent a complementary approach to measure the presence and even prevalence of infectious diseases when the capacity for clinical testing is limited. Moreover, aggregate, population-wide data can help inform modeling efforts. We tested wastewater collected at a major urban treatment facility in Massachusetts and found the presence of SARS-CoV-2 at high titers in the period from March 18 - 25 using RT-qPCR. We then confirmed the identity of the PCR product by direct DNA sequencing. Viral titers observed were significantly higher than expected based on clinically confirmed cases in Massachusetts as of March 25. The reason for the discrepancy is not yet clear, and until further experiments are complete, these data do not necessarily indicate that clinical estimates are incorrect. Our approach is scalable and may be useful in modeling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and future outbreaks.
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Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Shandong province.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 2 886 NHL cases in Shandong Cancer Hospital from January 2002 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, the clinicopathological characteristics of patients were summarized and compared with other regions in China and abroad.Results:The median age of all NHL cases was 52 years old (4-90 years old), and the ratio of male to female was 1.57∶1. The subtypes distribution analysis revealed that B-cell NHL (B-NHL) accounted for 66.7% (1 925 cases) of all cases and T-cell NHL (T-NHL) accounted for 27.3% (788 cases) of all cases. The common subtypes were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (36.0%, 1 039/2 886), NK/T-cell lymphoma (8.8%, 254/2 886), follicular lymphoma (8.2%, 237/2 886) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (7.4%, 214/2 886). Of all the cases, the nodal lymphomas accounted for 45.8% (1 322 cases) and the extra nodal lymphomas accounted for 54.2% (1 564 cases); there were 389 patients (13.5%) with stage Ⅰ, 678 patients (23.5%) with stage Ⅱ, 975 patients (33.8%) with stage Ⅲ, and 722 patients (25.0%) with stage Ⅳ. The distribution of NHL subtypes in Shandong province was consistent with the domestic multicenter study. However, T-NHL subtype ratio was significantly higher than the foreign studies.Conclusions:The overall incidence of NHL in Shandong province of China is dominated by middle-aged people, and the proportion of B-NHL is higher than that of T-NHL. The distribution of NHL subtypes in Shandong province of China are different from those in the European and American countries, but are roughly consistent with the domestic multicenter study.
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Objective To explore new models for interhospital transfer and provide theoretical basis for the interhospital transfer system construction through analyzing the clinical features of the patients transfered by "Qilu" interhospital transfer center.Methods Totally 258 patients aged over 18 years who were transferred to or from Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from August 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed.The data including sex,age,transport index,modified early warning score (MEWS) and outcome of patients with successful transport were collected.According to the results,the transferred patients were divided into the improved group and the non-improved group,and the differences of the above indicators between the two groups were analyzed.In the numerical variable analysis,Student's t test or Mann-whitney non-parametric test was applied,and the categorical variable was applied with x2 test.The correlation between clinical indicators and outcomes of the patients was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results The total transfer success rate was 98.5％.The transported male patients were more than female patients.Patients transferred to Qilu Hospital were mainly diagnosed with nervous system disease,trauma and circulatory system disease,and patients transferred from QiLu Hospital were respiratory disease,circulatory system disease,and nervous system disease.Tracheal intubation,tracheotomy,and invasive mechanical ventilation rates were 11.9％-22.2％.The patients ratio of transferred from Qilu Hospital with vasoactive drugs and the ratio of patients with deep venous catheter were three times and five times than those transferred to Qilu Hospital.Eighty-one percent patients transferred to Qilu Hospital recovered,and 45.5％ patients transferred from the hospital recovered.The age,heart rate,MEWS score,length of stay,ICU ratio,mechanical ventilation ratio and tracheal intubation ratio were significantly different between the improved group and the non-improved group (P＜0.05).Among the critically patients transferred to ICU,the length of stay was correlated with the outcome of the improvement.(OR=1.213,95％CI:1.085-1.357).Conclusions "Qilu" Interhospital Transfer Center has a high success rate and high recovery rate of patients,and can be a new model for the construction of interhospital transfer system.
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanism of rosuvastatin combined with telmisartan in the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with persistent atrial fibrillation admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from February 2015 to February 2018 were enrolled and they were divided into study group and control group by random envelope method, with 60 patients in each group. The patients in study group were treated with rosuvastatin combined with telmisartan; and in control group they were treated with telmisartan, and after treatment for 6 weeks the clinical efficacy was observed. Resting heart rates were observed in two groups. The left atrial inner diameter, left atrium left and right diameter, left atrial sphericity index and left ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, left ventricular posterior wall thickness of two groups were detected by ultrasond before and after treatment; the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two groups before and after treatment; and the level of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was detected by immunoturbidimetry;the level of plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was tested by immunoluminometric assay. Results Resting heart rate was significantly decreased in study group after treatment compared with that before treatment (bpm: 76.37±7.25 vs. 89.76±8.79, P < 0.05), while in control group, the comparison of resting heart rate before and after treatment was of no statistical significant differences (bpm: 90.71±8.56 vs. 87.80±6.26, P > 0.05), resulting that the post-treatment resting heart rate of study group was significantly lower than that of control group (bpm:76.37±7.25 vs. 87.80±6.26, P < 0.05). After treatment, the left atrial inner diameter, left atrium left and right diameter, left atrial sphericity index and left ventricular end diastolic volume were increased compared with those before treatment in both groups; after treatment, above various index levels in study group were lower than those of control group [left atrial inner diameter (mm): 40.68±3.86 vs. 41.99±3.97, left atrium left and right diameter (mm): 41.07±2.85 vs. 42.69±2.90, left atrial sphericity index: 0.77±0.08 vs. 0.86±0.07, left ventricular end diastolic volume (mL): 107.48±32.90 vs. 118.98±35.75, all P < 0.05]. There were no statistical significant differences between the two groups in left ventricular end systolic volume and posterior wall thickness of left ventricle after treatment [study group: left ventricular end systolic volume (mL) was 38.59±12.37 vs. 39.81±12.03, posterior wall thickness of left ventricle (mm) was 11.34±2.39 vs. 12.80±3.27, control group: left ventricular end systolic volume (mL) was 39.90±11.54 vs. 40.65±11.50, posterior wall thickness of left ventricle (mm) was 11.90±2.57 vs. 12.99±3.16, all P > 0.05]. Besides, the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP were obviously decreased in two groups after treatment (all P < 0.05), after treatment, above indexes in study group were significantly lower than those in control group [TNF-α (ng/L): 29.76±5.31 vs. 36.63±5.11, IL-6 (ng/L): 14.37±3.36 vs. 22.65±4.58, hs-CRP (mg/L): 13.68±2.75 vs. 20.63±2.69, all P < 0.05]. Plasma NT-proBNP was increased in control group after treatment compared with that before treatment (μg/L: 431.80±42.54 vs. 365.89±39.81, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference in the study group between pre- and post-treatment (μg/L: 351.80±38.76 vs. 346.89±35.82, P > 0.05), resulting in post-treatment plasma NT-proBNP significantly lower in study group (P < 0.05). Conclusions Rosuvastatin combined with telmisartan can prevent left atrial remodeling in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and delay the dysfunction of left ventricular pump. The therapeutic mechanism was related to the decrease in the levels of serum inflammatory factors in patients treated with such therapy.
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Objective To observe the effects of recombinant human B-type natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) on cardiac function and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods One hundred and twenty patients with heart failure after AMI admitted to the Department of Cardiology of Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled. The patients were divided into a conventional treatment group and an rhBNP treatment group according to random number table method, with 60 cases in each group. The two groups were treated according to the AMI guidelines, the conventional treatment group received west medicine anti-myocardial ischemia and anti-heart failure treatment; the rhBNP treatment group received rhBNP on the basis of routine treatment; the first load dose was 2 μg/kg intravenous injection impact treatment, followed by maintaining dose 8.5 ng·kg-1·min-1 intravenous drip for 7 days. The changes of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and HRV index were observed before and after treatment in the two groups [HRV indexes including the changes of average normal RR interval standard deviation (SDNN), the average value of the normal RR interval standard deviation (SDANN), the root mean square (RMSSD) of the adjacent RR interval difference, and the percentage of adjacent RR interval difference > 50 ms (PNN50)]; the incidences of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. Results After treatment, the levels of hs-CRP and NT-proBNP in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.05). LVEF, SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and PNN50 were higher than those before treatment, and the changes of the above indicators in the rhBNP treatment group were more significant than those in the conventional treatment group [hs-CRP (mg/L): 6.2±3.3 vs. 11.8±5.5, NT-proBNP (ng/L): 2.5±2.0 vs. 6.4±4.3, LVEF: 0.49±0.02 vs. 0.44±0.04, SDNN (ms): 93.3±18.1 vs. 79.1±16.0, SDANN (ms): 87.3±17.8 vs. 70.9±14.9, RMSSD: 30.3±11.0 vs. 23.8±10.4, PNN50: (15.9±7.3)% vs. (9.6±5.5)%, all P < 0.05]; No significant adverse reactions occurred during the treatment of the two groups. Conclusion rhBNP can significantly improve the heart function of patients with heart failure after AMI, reduce the levels of inflammatory response indicators and improve HRV;since its clinical efficacy is good, and its application safe, it is worthy to promote its clinical use.
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Objective To explore the effects of smoking on medications and provide an accurate and reliable evidence for smoking patients. Methods The drug instructions were surveyed from Datong medical drug counselling software database, and then the effects of smoking on drugs were analyzed by the drug instructions combined with the literature reports. Results There were 48 drugs varieties which might interact with smoking in Chinese drug instructions filtered from Datong medical drug counselling software database,which was much less than the report surveyed based on the FDA drug instructions(188 drugs varieties),there were another 37 varieties that off the instructions,reported by literatures interacted with smoking.Analysis revealed that smoking effects on drugs mainly by means of changing the pharmacokinetics and reducing the efficacy through inducing the CYP1A2,increasing the morbidity of some diseases such as cardiovascular disease,and increasing the adverse drug reactions.It was found that dosages of 8 drugs varieties need to be adjusted in smokers which were mainly or partly metabolized by CYP1A2.They are hydrochloride erlotinib,theophylline,riociguat,insulin,warfarin,clozapine,olanzapine and chlorpromazine. Dosage of 9 drugs varieties may need to be increased in smokers. Conclusion For the purpose of rational drug use,dosage of a variety of drugs should be adjusted in smokers.
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Objective To compare the effects of ticagrelor and clopidogrel on levels of inflammatory factors after emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) combined with thrombus aspiration in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Two hundreds and sixteen patients with AMI undertaking emergent PCI plus thrombus aspiration admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from April 2014 to April 2017 were enrolled, and they were randomly assigned into a ticagrelor group and a clopidogrel group, each group 108 cases. After admission, the clopidogrel group received 300 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel loading, after operation, aspirin 100 mg and clopidogrel 75 mg were given, once a day maintaining for 12 weeks; ticagrelor group after admission received 300 mg aspirin and 180 mg ticagrelor loading and after operation 100 mg aspirin (once per day) and 90 mg ticagrelor (twice per day) were given, maintaining for 12 weeks. Venous blood was taken immediately after admission and 24 hour and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after PCI plus thrombus aspiration, and the plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) were measured by double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Twenty-four hours after the operation, the levels of inflammatory factors, CRP, IL-6 and sCD40L were significantly higher than those before operation, the levels of the above inflammatory factors continued to decrease at the time points 1, 4, and 12 weeks later, reaching the lowest level at 12 weeks, and the above levels in ticagrelor group were significantly lower than those in clopidogrel group [CRP (μg/L): 2.96±0.63 vs. 4.44±0.34, IL-6 (ng/L): 2.50±0.51 vs. 2.81±0.21, sCD40L (ng/L): 519.60±12.53 vs. 570.25±11.55, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect of ticagrelor is greater and more durable than that of clopidogrel after emergent PCI plus thrombus aspiration in patients with AMI.
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Objective To provide suggestions for the safety management of printing inks and the establishment of food safety standard for food contact materials.Methods The laws,regulations and directives related to printing inks from different countries were collected and the differences among different management models were analyzed and compared.Results The safety management models of European Union,Switzerland,Germany,US and Japan were generalized and their experiences in the management measures of printing inks were summarized.Conclusion Safety standard of printing inks for food contact materials should be established on the basis of industry status and the various safety risks of different inks.Management experiences of other countries should be considered and the participation of industry associations should be encouraged.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of miR-218 on the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.Methods: The expression of miR-218 in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines was detected by qPCR.The relationship between the expression of miR-218 and the clinicopathological parameters of breast cancer were analyzed.Double luciferase assay was used to detect the relationship between miR-218 and SNX4.MTT assay and invasion assay were used to detect the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells after overexpression of miR-218.MTX assay and invasion assay were used to detect the recovery level of SNX4 on the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.The effect of miR-218 on the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cell lines was examined by tumorigenesis in nude mice.Results: The expression level of miR-218 in breast cancer tissue and MCF-7 cell line was higher.The expression of miR-218 was associated with pathological stage of breast cancer and lymph node metastasis.SNX4 may be the target of miR-218.Overexpression of miR-21 could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells.Overexpression of SNX4 could reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-218 on breast cancer cells.Overexpression of miR-218 could inhibit the breast cancer cell line in nude mice tumorigenic ability.Conclusion: miR-218 can up-regulate the expression of miR-218 in breast cancer,and miR-218 can regulate the expression of SNX4 in breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion.
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Objective To investigate the protection effect of dexmedetomidine against H2O2 injury in Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2 cells). Methods HK-2 cells cultured in vitro were randomly divided into four groups(n = 24): control group, dexmedetomidine pretreatment group, H2O2 injury group, H2O2 injury +dexmedetomidine pretreatment group. Cell viabilities were measured by MTS assay, cell apoptosis were detected using flow cytometry, and expression of HIF-1α protein was quantified by western blot. HK-2 cells were divided into 8 groups by combining with three treatment factors such as PI3K inhibitor LY294002, dexmedetomidine and H2O2 injury. MTS assay was used to detect cell viability and western blot was used to quantify protein expression of HIF-1α,Bcl-2 and Bax after treatment in each group. Results Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the level of HIF-1α、 Bcl-2 in HK-2 cells after H2O2 injury, thus improved viabilities and reduced apotosis of cells. Moreover, effect on H2O2 injury cells of Dexmedetomidine was reversed by PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine could protect against H2O2 injury by up-regulating HIF-1α expression through activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in HK-2 cells.
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Objective To detect the expression of tumor‐associated macrophages(TAM) in esophageal squamous cell carci‐noma ,and to study the clinical pathological characteristics of T AM in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma .Methods Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who accepted operation were chosen as study subjects ,and tissue samples of esophagus were collected ,including 90 squamous cell carcinoma tissues ,20 paracancerous atypical hyperplasia and 20 normal mucosa tissues , and the expression of CD206 ,MCP‐1 were detected by immunohistochemisty .Results The positive expression of CD206 was sig‐nificantly increased in tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P<0 .01) ,and it was positively correlated with clinical stage , invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P<0 .05) .The expression of MCP‐1 was signifi‐cantly increased in esophageal squamous carcinoma tissues (P<0 .05) ,and its positive expression was closely correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0 .05) .There was a positive relation between ATM infiltration quantity and the expression of MCP‐1(r=0 .617 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The positive expression of TAM was up‐regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissues ,and its number was positively correlated with clinical stage ,invasion depth and lymph node metastasis .
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Objective:To observe the disinfection efficiency of N-doped nano-TiO2 on the curing light-guide rods.Methods:50 light-guide rods from 6 dental clinics were included,the bacteria adhesion on the light-guide rods before and after disinfection with N-doped nano-TiO2 was investigated using ATP bioluminescence method.Results:The RLU value of light-guide rods exposed to the air was 51 -649 before the use of N-doped nano-TiO2 disinfection,after spraying N-doped nano-TiO2 ,the RLU value of light-guide rods was 0 -6(P <0.01 ).Conclusion:N-doped nano-TiO2 has significant sterilization effect on the curing light-guide rods.
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Objective To observe the curative effect of methylprednisolone combined with entecavir in treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) related early stage liver failure.Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with HBV related early stage liver failure were divided into treatment group (68 cases) and control group (58 cases) by random digits table method.The patients in 2 groups were given conventional hepatinica treatment and entecavir antiviral treatment,but the patients in treatment group were added methylprednisolone and pantoprazole.The alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total bilirubin (TBil),albumin,prothrombin time (PT),HBV-DNA,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-6 levels were compared between 2 groups,and the adverse reaction of methylprednisolone was observed.Results The ALT,TBil,PT and albumin levels after the first,second,fourth,sixth and eighth week of treatment in treatment group were significantly better than those in control group,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical difference in HBV-DNA between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The TNF-α and IL-6 levels after the first and second week of treatment in treatment group were (4.13 ± 1.25) and (1.98 ± 0.67) p g/L,(3.21 ± 0.75)and (1.23 ± 0.29) μ g/L,and in control groups were (5.89 ± 1.78) and (3.67 ± 0.87)μ g/L,(4.12 ± 0.88) and (2.68 ± 0.81) μ g/L.The TNF-α and IL-6 levels in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The effective rate in treatment group (79.41％,54168) was significantly higher than that in control group (51.72％,30/58),the fatality rate in treatment group (2.94％,2/68) was significantly lower than that in control group (24.14％,14/58),and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse reaction of methylprednisolone in treatment group was not found.Conclusion The methylprednisolone combined with entecavir can improve liver function and survival rate in patients with HBV related early stage liver failure,and adverse reaction of methylprednisolone is rare.
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Objective To evaluate the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and the relationship with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α).Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 10-12 weeks, weighing 220-260 g, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), group I/R, dexmedetomidine group (group Dex) ,and rapamicyn + dexmedetomidine group (group Rpm+Dex).Renal I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral renal pedicles for 35 min follow by reperfusion in anesthetized rats in I/R, Dex and Rpm+Dex groups.Bilateral renal pedicles were only exposed, and then the abdominal cavity was closed in group S.Dexdetomidine 50 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before I/R in group Dex.In group Rpm+Dex, rapamicyn 1.5 mg/kg and dexdetomidine 50 μg/kg were injected intraperitoneally, and renal I/R model was established 30 min later.Immediately after onset of reperfusion, and at 4 and 24 h of reperfusion (T1-3) , blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations.After blood sampling at T1-3, the rats were sacrificed, and the renal specimens were obtained for detection of HIF-1αt, erythropoietin (EPO) and mTOR expression by Western blot.Their kidneys were removed at T3, and cut into sections which were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under microscope.Acute renal tubular necrosis was scored.The cell apoptosis in renal tissues was detected by TUNEL assay, and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the concentrations of serum creatinine and BUN, expression of HIF-1α, EPO and mTOR at T2,3 , AI at T3 and acute renal tubular necrosis score were significantly increased in the other three groups (P＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R, the concentrations of serum creatinine and BUN were significantly decreased, and the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and mTOR was up-regulated at T2,3 , and AI and acute renal tubular necrosis score were decreased in group Dex (P＜0.05) , and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group Rpm + Dex (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The mTOR signaling pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced reduction of renal I/R injury, which may be related to dexmedetomidine-produced up-regulation of HIF-1α expression in renal tissues of rats.
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Objective To study the related factors of no or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine .Meth‐ods 120casesofadultreceivedinoculationofhepatitisBvaccineinourhospitalwereenrolled,including60casesofnoweakre‐sponse and 60 cases of normal response ,they were divided into non response group and response group .Related factors of no or weakimmuneresponsewereanalyzed.Results (1)singlefactoranalysis:Therewerestatisticalsignificanceofage,gender,BMI, smoking history ,HBV potential infection ,CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cell content ,IFN‐γand IL‐2 content between two groups ;(2) logistic regression analysis :old age ,male ,smoking history ,high values of BMI ,HPV latent infection ,low content of CD4+ T cells and IFN‐γand IL‐2 ,high content of CD8+ cells were risk factors of no or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine .Conclusion No or weak immune response after inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine is affected by gender ,age ,smoking ,obesi‐ty ,potential infection of HPV and immune function ,and necessary measure should be taken .
