Zinc deficiency or genetic mutations?-A case report of hair heterochromia in the context of MC1R genetic mutations.

Hair heterochromia may be caused by different mechanisms. At clinical work, we found a Chinese boy whose hair colour gradually turned to red. We record the diagnosis and treatment process and follow-up situation, finally find that altered hair colour phenotype is due to MC1R genetic mutations, rather than zinc deficiency. This rarely red hair colour phenotype improve our understanding of hair heterochromia caused by genetic mutations.

Obesity phenotype induced by high-fat diet promotes diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced precancerous lesions by M1 macrophage polarization in mice liver.

Liver precancerous lesions are the key to improving the efficacy of cancer treatment because of the extremely poor prognosis of HCC patients in moderate and late stages. Obesity-related HCC progression is closely related to the inflammatory microenvironment, in which macrophages are one of the major constituents. In the present study, we ask whether obesity promotes diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced precancerous lesions by M1 macrophage polarization. First, an association between obesity and liver precancerous lesions was determined by histopathological observations, immunochemistry and immunoblotting. The characteristics of early precancerous lesions (trabecular thickening) appeared earlier eight weeks in obese mice than in normal diet mice after DEN induction. The glutathione S-transferase placental-1 (Gstp 1) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression in obese mice after DEN induction was higher than that in the same period after DEN injection in normal diet mice. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the total macrophage number (F4/80+) of DEN and M1 macrophage number (CD86+F4/80+) in obese mice compared with that in normal diet mice. Besides, the expressions of four pro-inflammatory factors in DEN-induced obese mice were significantly higher compared with that in normal diet mice. Additionally, angiogenesis was revealed by immunostaining assay to be associated with the inflammatory response. All the results demonstrate that obesity promotes DEN-induced precancerous lesions by inducing M1 macrophage polarization and angiogenesis.

Fortuitous Somatic Mutations during Antibody Evolution Endow Broad Neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variants

Striking antibody evasion by emerging circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants drives the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). However, how a bNAb acquires increased neutralization breadth during antibody evolution is still elusive. Here, we identified a clonally-related antibody family from a convalescent individual. One of the members, XG005, exhibited potent and broad neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, while the other members showed significant reductions in neutralization breadth and potency, especially against the Omicron sublineages. Structural analysis visualizing the XG005-Omicron spike binding interface revealed how crucial somatic mutations endowed XG005 with greater neutralization potency and breadth. A single administration of XG005 with extended half-life, reduced antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, and increased antibody product quality, exhibited a high therapeutic efficacy in BA.2- and BA.5-challenged mice. Our results provided a natural example to show the importance of somatic hypermutation during antibody evolution for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization breadth and potency.

A third dose of inactivated vaccine augments the potency, breadth, and duration of anamnestic responses against SARS-CoV-2

Emergence of variants of concern (VOC) with altered antigenic structures and waning humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are harbingers of a long pandemic. Administration of a third dose of an inactivated virus vaccine can boost the immune response. Here, we have dissected the immunogenic profiles of antibodies from 3-dose vaccinees, 2-dose vaccinees and convalescents. Better neutralization breadth to VOCs, expeditious recall and long-lasting humoral response bolster 3-dose vaccinees in warding off COVID-19. Analysis of 171 complex structures of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies identified structure-activity correlates, revealing ultrapotent, VOCs-resistant and broad-spectrum antigenic patches. Construction of immunogenic and mutational heat maps revealed a direct relationship between "hot" immunogenic sites and areas with high mutation frequencies. Ongoing antibody somatic mutation, memory B cell clonal turnover and antibody composition changes in B cell repertoire driven by prolonged and repeated antigen stimulation confer development of monoclonal antibodies with enhanced neutralizing potency and breadth. Our findings rationalize the use of 3-dose immunization regimens for inactivated vaccines. One sentence summaryA third booster dose of inactivated vaccine produces a highly sifted humoral immune response via a sustained evolution of antibodies capable of effectively neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

Clinical effect of facial dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red light blue in the treatment of acne pitting scar / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of facial dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red blue light in the treatment of acne pitting scar.Methods Selected from June 2013 to April 2016 hospital dermatology outpatients,98 cases of facial acne pitting scar were retrospectively analyzed,in which 50 cases of patients with facial acne dermabrasion were treated with red and blue light treatment (combined group),48 patients only choose facial acne dermabrasion treatment (control group),then treatment effect was compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months after operation,the ECCA score and mean sag depth of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the preoperative (t=23.208 and 18.586,P＜0.001).The ECCA score of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=7.039,P＜0.05);The healing rate was 80％,which was significantly higher than those in the control group (56.25％) (x2 =6.387,P＜0.05);after 1 months and 3 months;the subjective satisfaction scores of the patients in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.318 and 3.776,P＜0.05);Patients in the combined group were significantly earlier than the control group (t =4.419,P＜0.05);the incidence of edema and erythema was significantly lower in the combined group than in the control group (x2 =5.096,P＜0.05).Conclusions Facial acne dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red and blue light treatment is superior to the single use of dermabrasion.

The application of the self-efficacy for appropriate medication use scale in the evaluation of appropriate medication efficacy in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate risk factors for the efficacy for appropriate medication use in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and to establish a risk prediction model for the efficacy for appropriate medication use by using Logistic regression analysis and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Methods:A total of 305 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to pharmacy department of our hospital from Jan.2018 to Aug.2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study.Of the 305 patients, 166(54.4%)were female, with a mean age of (74.9±7.2) years old, a disease course of (15.2±9.6) years and a hospital stay of (10.4±3.2) d, receiving (2.0±0.9) types of antidiabetic drugs.Patients were assessed by the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale(SEAMS), the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8(MMAS), the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale(ARMS), the Charlson Comorbidity Index(CCI)and the Mini Mental State Exam(MMSE). Main biochemical indicators were recorded.The influencing factors for appropriate medication use efficacy were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis, and a risk prediction model was consequently established by the ROC curve.Results:According to SEAMS results, 233 patients(76.4%)had sufficient efficacy(≥26 points)and 72 patients(23.6%)had insufficient efficacy(<26 points). There were significant differences in parameters including age, disease course, hospital stay and fasting blood glucose(FBG)between the above two groups( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, FBG level and ARMS score had correlation with self-efficacy for appropriate medication use( P<0.05). ROC curves showed that the predictive efficiency of joint predictor Y [Logit(P)=-15.164+ 0.434X ARMS score-0.067X age-0.082X FBG reaching standard]was better than that of the other three single factors(AUC=0.910, 95% CI: 0.873-0.947, P<0.01)and could be used as an optimal predictor for the evaluation of self-efficacy for appropriate medication use. Conclusions:Compared with MMAS, ARMS is more suitable for medication adherence assessment in elderly T2DM patients.In clinical practice, pharmacists can provide individualized medication services through evaluating the efficacy of rational drug use and the risk prediction model, in order to elevate the ability of self-medication management and quality of life.

Effects of fine Particulate Matter(PM2.5) on the autophagy in human skin melanocytes / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective  To study the effects of fine particulate matter(PM2.5) on the autophagy in human melanocytes. Methods PM2.5 was collected in Huanggang city. Then the water-soluble extracts and non-water-soluble extracts were isolated and the melanocytes were exposed to a W-PM2.5 or NW-PM2.5 with various concentrations. Autophagy of melanocytes was observed by MDC staining, and the expression of LC3-II /I were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Results With the increase of concentration of W-PM2.5 and NW-PM2.5, the expression of melanocyte autophagosome and LC3-II /I increased, and the autophagy response was significantly enhanced（P2.5 components had a stronger effect on promoting LC3II/I expression than W-PM2.5 components（P2.5 can induce oxidative stress injury and excessive autophagy of melanocytes.

Onycholysis an early indicator of thyroid disease.

Onycholysis is also referred to plummer's nails is a dermatological nail disorder characterized by spontaneous distal separation of the nail plate from the free margin and progressively proximally. We discuss a case of the 38-year-old man with onycholysis associated with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. In this case review, we will discuss an association of onycholysis with thyroid disease and its diagnostic prognosis. Any unexplained onycholysis should prompt the clinician to investigate the client for asymptomatic hyperthyroidism.

The Diagnostic Efficacy of Thrombelastography (TEG) in Patients with Preeclampsia and its Association with Blood Coagulation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of thrombelastography (TEG) in patients with preeclampsia. METHODS: One hundred and seventeen pregnant women were recruited from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of 1st affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Of the 117 patients, 59 were normal late gestation (control group), 32 were mild preeclampsia and other 26 cases were severe preeclampsia. All the patients were received thrombelastography (including: K time, Reaction time, Clot angel, MA value, CI value) and blood coagulation examination (including: PT, APTT, Fib, TT, D-dimer and AT-III). RESULTS: The R time, K time, Coagulation Index value and Clot Angle in preeclampsia group were significant different between control and preeclampsia groups with statistical difference (p<0.05). Moreover, the R and K time value in severe preeclampsia group were significant higher than those of control groups (p<0.05); however, the Coagulation Index value and Clot Angle in severe preeclampsia group were significant higher than those of mild preeclampsia group with statistical difference (p<0.05). Coagulation Index had the highest diagnostic sensitivity [87.93 (76.70-95.01) %] and specificity [83.83 (79.17-96.18)%] compared to other parameters with the AUC of 0.94 (0.90-0.98). The K time and the Coagulation Index had the highest diagnostic sensitivity (96.15%) and specificity (0.75%) respectively with the AUC of 0.68 and 0.75 respectively in differential diagnosis of severe preeclampsia from mild preeclampsia. However, there were no statistical difference in the aspects of platelet count and parameters relevant to coagulation test for the control, mild and sever preeclampsia groups(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: TEG provides more accurate information in monitoring the blood coagulation of preeclampsia patients and can be used as a reliable marker for assessing the severity of preeclampsia.

Expression of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with psoriasis and its pathogenic mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationships of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with severity of skin lesions in children with psoriasis and peripheral neutrophil count, and to evaluate in vitro effect of NGAL on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) by a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.@*Methods@#From January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2018, 98 children who newly developed psoriasis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of 6 hospitals in China, including 51 males and 47 females. Their age was 7.00 ± 2.99 years (range: 3-14 years) , and their course of disease was 7.4 ± 5.85 days (range: 3-28 days) . The serum level of NGAL was detected in all the patients before and two weeks after treatment, and the relationships of NGAL with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores and peripheral neutrophil count were evaluated. Western blot analysis and reverse-transcription (RT) -PCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells, respectively, after 12-hour treatment with NGAL at concentrations of 0 (control group) , 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/L. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 16 software. by using t test and one-way analysis of variance.@*Results@#After 2-week treatment, the PASI score, neutrophil count and NGAL level in children with psoriasis significantly decreased (1.80 ± 1.19, [6.16 ± 0.76] × 109/L, 90.86 ± 0.75 μg/L, respectively) compared with those before the treatment (10.38 ± 3.42, [11.01 ± 2.85] × 109/L, 113.48 ± 21.26 μg/L, respectively; t = 31.42, 18.34, 16.37 respectively, all P < 0.001) . Before the treatment, the serum level of NGAL in the patients was positively correlated with the PASI score and peripheral neutrophil count (r = 0.918, 0.799 respectively, both P < 0.05) . The mRNA and protein expression of IL-22 in HaCaT cells significantly differed among these groups treated with different concentrations of NGAL (F = 176.31, 296.96 respectively, both P < 0.001) , so did the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α (F = 193.28, 318.80 respectively, both P < 0.001) . Additionally, the protein and mRNA expression of IL-22 and TNF-α in HaCaT cells was significantly higher in the 0.125-, 0.25-, 0.5- and 1-mg/L NGAL group than in the control group (all P < 0.05) . The NGAL level was positively correlated with the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells (all P < 0.05) .@*Conclusions@#The serum level of NGAL was high in children with psoriasis, and positively correlated with severity of skin lesions and peripheral neutrophil count. NGAL can upregulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells in vitro.

Expression of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with psoriasis and its pathogenic mechanisms / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To explore the relationships of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) with severity of skin lesions in children with psoriasis and peripheral neutrophil count,and to evaluate in vitro effect of NGAL on expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-22 (IL-22) by a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.Methods From January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2018,98 children who newly developed psoriasis were enrolled from Department of Dermatology of 6 hospitals in China,including 51 males and 47 females.Their age was 7.00 ± 2.99 years (range:3-14 years),and their course of disease was 7.4 ± 5.85 days (range:3-28 days).The serum level of NGAL was detected in all the patients before and two weeks after treatment,and the relationships of NGAL with psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores and peripheral neutrophil count were evaluated.Western blot analysis and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells,respectively,after 12-hour treatment with NGAL at concentrations of 0 (control group),0.125,0.25,0.5,1 mg/L.Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 16 software.by using t test and one-way analysis of variance.Results After 2-week treatment,the PASI score,neutrophil count and NGAL level in children with psoriasis significantly decreased (1.80 ± 1.19,[6.16 ± 0.76] × 109/L,90.86 ± 0.75 μ g/L,respectively) compared with those before the treatment (10.38 ± 3.42,[11.01 ± 2.85] × 109/L,113.48 ± 21.26 μ g/L,respectively;t =31.42,18.34,16.37 respectively,all P ＜ 0.001).Before the treatment,the serum level of NGAL in the patients was positively correlated with the PASI score and peripheral neutrophil count (r =0.918,0.799 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA and protein expression of IL-22 in HaCaT cells significantly differed among these groups treated with different concentrations of NGAL (F =176.31,296.96 respectively,both P ＜ 0.001),so did the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α (F =193.28,318.80 respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).Additionally,the protein and mRNA expression of IL-22 and TNF-α in HaCaT cells was significantly higher in the 0.125-,0.25-,0.5-and 1-mg/L NGAL group than in the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The NGAL level was positively correlated with the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The serum level of NGAL was high in children with psoriasis,and positively correlated with severity of skin lesions and peripheral neutrophil count.NGAL can upregnlate the expression of TNF-α and IL-22 in HaCaT cells in vitro.

Epidemiology, treatment and prevention of herpes zoster: A comprehensive review.

Herpes zoster is a major health burden that can affect individuals of any age. It is seen more commonly among individuals aged ≥50 years, those with immunocompromised status, and those on immunosuppressant drugs. It is caused by a reactivation of varicella zoster virus infection. Cell-mediated immunity plays a role in this reactivation. Fever, pain, and itch are common symptoms before the onset of rash. Post-herpetic neuralgia is the most common complication associated with herpes zoster. Risk factors and complications associated with herpes zoster depend on the age, immune status, and the time of initializing treatment. Routine vaccination for individuals over 60 years has shown considerable effect in terms of reducing the incidence of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Treatment with antiviral drugs and analgesics within 72 hours of rash onset has been shown to reduce severity and complications associated with herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. This study mainly focuses on herpes zoster using articles and reviews from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and a manual search from Google Scholar. We cover the incidence of herpes zoster, gender distribution, seasonal and regional distribution of herpes zoster, incidence of herpes zoster among immunocompromised individuals, incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia following a zoster infection, complications, management, and prevention of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia.

A tracking study on sleep characteristics of submariners during a long-term voyage / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the sleep characteristics of submariners during a long-term voyage, so as to provide scientific evidence for ensuring submariners with good sleep during long-term voyages. Methods The sleep status of submariners who participated in a long-term voyage was tested by Self-Rating Scale of Sleep (SRSS) before the voyage, and before and after each voyage section during the voyage. The sleep status variation of submariners who performed different types of tasks, from the beginning to the end of each voyage section and of each resting-on-the-sea section was analyzed respectively. Comparison of sleep scores was performed between submariners and surface ship crew in the second voyage section. Numbers of submariners with sleep problem were compared in each voyage section. Results Generally speaking, submariners' sleep status at the end of voyage section was significantly worse than that at the beginning of voyage section and that before the whole voyage (P0.05). After finishing a voyage section and taking a resting-on-the-sea, submariners' sleep status returned to the level of pre-voyage (P>0.05), and was significantly better than that before the resting-on-the-sea (P0.05). Compared with that of surface ship crew who accomplished the same voyage section, submariners had an obviously better sleep status after taking a resting-on-the-sea (P0.05), but the latter was significantly more than the former when the second voyage section was finished (P<0.05). During the resting-on-the-sea period, the numbers of submariners with sleep problems in both the second and the third voyage section were significantly more than those in the first voyage section (P<0.05, P<0.01). The numbers of submariners with sleep problems who implemented the third voyage section were significantly more than those who implemented the first and the second voyage section (P<0.01). Conclusions Generally, the sleep quality of submariners is significantly worse after accomplished a voyage section task, and the degree of sleep problems may be accumulated to worse and worse along with the increase of long-term voyage time. Whereas, submariners may have a significantly better sleep status after taking a resting-on-the-sea, implying that resting-on-the-sea is an effective way to ensure submariners a good sleep during a long-term voyage.

Efficacy of clemastine fumarate in antagonizing atracurium-induced release of histamine in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of clemastine fumarate in antagonizing atracuriuminduced release of histamine in the patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.Methods Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 21-59 yr,with body mass index of 17-26 kg/m2,scheduled for elective modified radical mastectomy,were divided into 2 groups (n=40 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and clemastine fumarat group (group CF).Clemastine fumarate 2 mg was injected intramuscularly at 20 min before induction of anesthesia.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,etomidate 0.3 mg/kg,fentanyl 4-6 μg/kg and atracurium 0.8 mg/kg.The patients were mechanically ventilated after insertion of the larygeal mask airway.Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of 2％ sevoflurane.Before administration of clemastine fumarate,at 20 min after administration,immediately before administration of atracurium,and at 2,5,10 and 20 min after administration of atracurium,arterial blood samples were taken for determination of plasma histamine concentrations,and the peak airway pressure and degree of cutaneous color were recorded.The development of histaminemia and adverse cardiovascular events was assessed.Steward recovery scores and Ramsay sedation scores were recorded at 10 min after removal of the laryngeal mask airway.Results The incidence of histaminemia was 60％ and 8％ in C and CF groups,respectively.Compared with group C,the plasma histamine concentrations,incidence of histaminemia,degree of cutaneous color,and incidence of hypotension and tachycardia were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the peak airway pressure,Steward recovery scores and Ramsay sedation scores in group CF (P＞0.05).Conclusion For atracurium-induced release of histamine in the patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia,clemastine fumarate 2 mg injected intramuscularly before operation can not only antagonize histamine at H1 level,but also reduce histamine release,and exerts no influence on recovery from anesthesia and produces good antihistamine efficacy.

Effects of miR-30 c on viability and migratory ability of HUVECs by tar-geting PAI-1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA (miR)-30c on the viability and migratory ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by targeting plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).METHODS:The HUVECs were transfected with miR-30c mimic and inhibitor or negative control (NC), and then the expression levels of miR-30c, PAI-1 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.The viability and migratory ability of HUVECs were measured by CCK-8 assay and wound healing test .After bioinformatic analysis, the assessment of miR-30c binding to PAI-1 3’-UTR was carried out using a luciferase reporter gene assay .RESULTS:miR-30c directly down-regu-lated PAI-1 levels by binding to the 3’ UTR seed sequence of PAI-1 mRNA.Furthermore, transfection of a miR-30c mimic down-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein levels, leading to enhanced migratory ability and viability of the HUVECs.However, transfection of a miR-30c inhibitor up-regulated the expression of PAI-1 at mRNA and protein le-vels, leading to decreased migratory ability and viability .CONCLUSION:Regulation of miR-30c level changes the migra-tory ability and viability of HUVECs by affecting the PAI-1 expression, indicating the involvement of miR-30c in modulating endothelial function .

Effect of glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection on serum IL-10 and TNF-αlevels in lobar pneumonia patients / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigation effect of glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection on lobar pneumonia IL-10 and serum TNF-levels.Methods 120 cases of lobar pneumonia in children were selected respiratory department fromasin our hospital in December 2012 to December 2014 as the object of study, were divided into control group and observation group, control group were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection,the observation group in the control group based on the combined with Qingkailing injection, serum IL-10, TNF-a level and curative effect were compared between the two groups pre-and post-treatment in patients.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 86.67%, higher than that of the control group, the total effective rate was 70%(P <0.05).Before treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were not statistically significant difference.After treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were decreased, and lower than the control group (P<0.05) .Conclusion Glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection can reduce serum IL-10, TNF-alpha level in lobar pneumonia,has a definite effect.

Advances in LRP-1-regulated vascular integrity / 中国病理生理杂志

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a transmembrane receptor protein locatedon the plasma membrane of the cells and involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.LRP-1 binds to distinct ligandsthat are structurally and functionally unrelated, which makes it not only mediates endocytosis, but also regulates cell surfaceproteolytic activity and specific intracellular signaling pathways related to multiple links in the process of developmentof atherosclerosis.Moreover, LRP-1 plays an important role in maintaining vascular stability.This review focuses on theprogress in LRP-1-regulated vascular integrity, and provides new insights to the target of the blood vessel diseases.

Increase of HMGB1, TLR4 and NF-κB in placenta and serum in patients with preeclampsia / 基础医学与临床

Objective To evaluate the expression and discussion on high mobility group protein ( HMGB1 )/toll like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) and NF-κB possible role in the signaling pathway in preeclampsia .Methods Ten patients with mild preeclampsia(MP), 20 patients with severe preeclampsia (SP) and 30 cases of normal pregnancy were recruited the same period.To check the expression of the HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB P65 protein in placenta tissue using Immunohistochemical staining .Levels of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB P65 in blood serum were measured by ELISA.Results 1)ExpressionofHMGB1,TLR4,NF-κBP65wereincreasedascomparetocontrolgroup(P<0.05);HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB P65 in placenta of patients with severe preeclampsia and mild preeclampsia failed to show significant difference .2) HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB P65 in women with preeclampsia was significantly higher than control group ( P<0.05 ); HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB P65 in women with severe preeclampsia showed a higher level as compared to mild preeclampsia (P<0.05).Conclusions HMGB1,TLR4 and NF-κB P65 were over-ex-pressed in the placenta tissue and serum in patients with preeclampsia , which indicated that HMGB1,TLR4 and NF-κB P65 may play an important role in the development of preeclampsia .

Role of high mobility group protein box 1 in pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of acute lung injury / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the role of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) in pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Thirty healthy pathogen free male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) ∶ group control (group C) ;group LPS (group M) and group LPS + HMGB1 antibody (group H).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 7 ml/kg.ALI was induced with LPS 1 mg/kg infused iv over 30 min in groups M and H.In group H HMGB1 antibody 2 mg/kg was injected iv at 12,24 and 36 h after LPS administration respectively.The animals were sacrificed at 72 h after LPS administration.The left lung was removed for microscopic examination,measurement of the thickness of the medial layer (tunica media) of pulmonary arterioles and determination of the expression of PCNA (by immune-histochemistry) and HMGB1 protein (by Western blotting).Results The medial layer of pulmonary arterioles was significantly thicker and the expression of PCNA and HMGB1 higher in group M than in group C.LPS also induced significant inflammatory cell infiltration within the alveoli and damage to the septa.In group H HMGB1 antibody significantly attenuated the above-mentioned LPS-induced changes.Conclusion HMGB1 may play an important role in the LPS-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Elevated frequencies of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ CD127lo regulatory T cells is associated to poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Regulatory T cells (Treg) mediate amelioration of disease and immune homeostasis by inhibiting immune activation and maintaining peripheral immune tolerance. The suppressive mechanisms and clinical significance of Treg have not been completely elucidated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we demonstrated that CD127 in combination with CD4 and CD25 can identify FoxP3(+) Treg in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) using multicolor flow cytometry. We showed that the CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(lo) Treg frequencies were significantly increased and their phenotypes were different in PB from newly diagnosed AML patients compared to those from healthy volunteers (HVs). Moreover, the Treg frequencies were significantly higher in BM than those from PB in the same patients. The Treg frequencies were reduced when patients achieved complete remission (CR) and were increased when patients relapsed. The Treg frequencies at diagnosis in PB and BM of patients who had achieved CR were lower than those of patients who had persistent leukemia or died, respectively. CD4(+) CD25(+) Treg were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting and tested for suppressive functions in coculture with allogeneic carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidylester-labeled CD4(+) CD25(-) responder cells. Suppression mediated by Treg was higher in AML patients compared to HVs. No significant differences were observed in the cytokines production of Treg, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4,IL-2 and IL-10, between patients with AML and HVs. Our study suggests that Treg may play a role in the pathogenesis of AML, and sequential measurements of Treg frequency may have clinical value in the evaluation of therapeutic effects and clinical outcome.