ABSTRACT
AIMS: To investigate whether rosiglitazone (ROS) protects diabetic rats from destructive changes in the liver. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (NC) group (no.=8), streptozocin (STZ)-treated diabetic (DM) group (no.=8), and STZ+ROStreated diabetic (RSG) group (no.=8). After 8 weeks, the liver structure was observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL, and apoptosis index was calculated. The Fas ligand (FasL) mRNA expression of apoptosis-promoting gene and cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) mRNA in the liver were detected by RTPCR. COX-2 protein in the liver was tested via immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Compared to NC group, DM group showed a visible fatty degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver under microscopy. Obvious hepatocyte swelling with atrophic mitochondria was observed, and the central zone of cholangiole was severely outstretched. Meanwhile, in RSG group, the hepatocyte steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, and the hepatic ultra-structure was markedly improved. Hepatocyte apoptosis (p<0.05) and the expression levels for hepatic COX-2 mRNA (p<0.05), FasL mRNA (p<0.01), and COX-2 protein (p<0.05) were higher in DM group compared to the NC group, while the expression level of hepatic COX-2 mRNA (p<0.05), FasL mRNA (p<0.01), COX-2 protein (p<0.05), and hepatocyte apoptosis (p<0.05) in RSG group were decreased compared to DM group. CONCLUSION: Diabetes causes severe liver injury and ROS can protect diabetic rats from liver destruction, which may be related to inhibition of the expression of COX-2 and the hepatocyte apoptosis induced by FasL gene over expression.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Liver Diseases/prevention & control , Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use , Animals , Apoptosis , Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Fas Ligand Protein/biosynthesis , Fas Ligand Protein/genetics , Fatty Liver/etiology , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Liver/pathology , Male , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , RosiglitazoneABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the influence of low androgen levels and high-fat diet on the structure of pituitary and penis in male rats. METHODS: Ten-week-old adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, one fed a high-fat diet the other fed a normal diet; each group consisted of 3 subgroups: controls, castrated rats (with low androgen), and castrated rats given undecanoate replenishment. After 11 weeks, the structure of pituitary and penis were observed under light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of FSH in pituitary and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in corpora cavernosa penis. RESULTS: The structures of pituitary and penis in castrated rats were injured, and were more damaged in castration together with high-fat diet. Immunohistochemistry showed FSH expression in castrated rats pituitary while castrated rats on a high-fat diet had less positive staining than those on a normal diet. Vascular structure of corpora cavernosa penis, showed a strongly positive COX-2 expression in high-fat diet rats. CONCLUSIONS: Castration and high-fat diet could induce structural damages of pituitary and penis in male rats. Replacement with testosterone could partially restore the impaired structure. The positive expression of COX-2 implied inflammatory pathway existence on vascular structure of penis in high-fat diet and low-androgen male rats.
Subject(s)
Castration , Dietary Fats , Penis/anatomy & histology , Penis/pathology , Pituitary Gland/anatomy & histology , Pituitary Gland/pathology , Animals , Body Weight , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Estrogens/blood , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Penis/drug effects , Penis/metabolism , Pituitary Gland/drug effects , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Testosterone/blood , Testosterone/pharmacologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To estimate the biological doses for two severely exposed subjects (A and B) in a radiation accident in Shandong Jining, China in 2004. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conventional chromosome aberration analysis and cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay were performed in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples on two subjects after the accident. A new dose-effect curve and the nuclear division index (NDI) obtained from in vitro irradiation experiments using high dose of (60)Co gamma-rays were used to estimate the exposed doses. RESULTS: No metaphases or binucleated cells were observed in the peripheral blood cultures from either of the subjects. However, metaphases and binucleated cells were obtained from both subjects after bone marrow cultures. Both dicentric/ring and micronuclei yields were very high. The dose estimated for A and B were 20.0 Gy and 8.8 Gy, respectively, by dicentric/ring scoring, similar to the data by combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN + NDI) assay. The estimated doses by the two methods were in accordance with the clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION: The new curve, together with the CBMN + NDI assay, are reliable for estimating higher doses of irradiation. In future radiation accidents, the accuracy and significance of these methods can be further tested.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Radiation Dosage , Radioactive Hazard Release , Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Basiliximab , China , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation , Humans , Male , Micronucleus Tests , Recombinant Fusion ProteinsABSTRACT
This paper proposes a revised method of determining confidence interval of population rate based on statistical theory. The confidence interval of population rate can be obtained accurately by using this method. In addition, it includes a discussion of confidence interval about some basic indexes of micronuclei and chromosome aberration induced by radiation.
