ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Metazoan guts are in permanent contact with microbial communities. However, the host mechanisms that have developed to manage the dynamic changes of these microorganisms and maintain homeostasis remain largely unknown. RESULTS: Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) was found to modulate gut microbiome homeostasis via regulation of a dual oxidase (Duox) gene expression in both Bactrocera dorsalis and Aedes aegypti. The knockdown of the peripheral 5-HT biosynthetic gene phenylalanine hydroxylase (TPH) increased the expression of Duox and the activity of reactive oxygen species, leading to a decrease in the gut microbiome load. Moreover, the TPH knockdown reduced the relative abundance of the bacterial genera Serratia and Providencia, including the opportunistic pathogens, S. marcescens and P. alcalifaciens in B. dorsalis. Treatment with 5-hydroxytryptophan, a precursor of 5-HT synthesis, fully rescued the TPH knockdown-induced phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal the important contribution of 5-HT in regulating gut homeostasis, providing new insights into gut-microbe interactions in metazoans.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Animals , Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology , Homeostasis , Insecta , Serotonin , SerratiaABSTRACT
A series of tetraethynylsilanes (TETS) have been synthesized by reaction of silicon tetrachloride (SiCl(4)) with Ar-C triple bond CLi, which was prepared in situ by treatment of Ar-C triple bond CH with n-BuLi. For these TETS thus prepared, their photoactivated insecticidal activities against the 4th-instar larvae of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) were evaluated to enrich the structure-activity relationship. In particular, compound 8 exhibited excellent photoactivated insecticidal activity, the LC(50) value was 0.1346 mg L(-1) under UV light treatment and the irradiation-generated enhancement in the activity was more than 69.58-fold, thus could be exploitable as ideal analog candidates in the search for new photoactivated insecticide leads.
Subject(s)
Insecticides/chemical synthesis , Photosensitizing Agents/chemical synthesis , Silanes/chemical synthesis , Thiophenes/chemical synthesis , Aedes/drug effects , Aedes/radiation effects , Animals , Insecticides/chemistry , Insecticides/toxicity , Larva/drug effects , Larva/radiation effects , Light , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/toxicity , Silanes/chemistry , Silanes/toxicity , Structure-Activity Relationship , Thiophenes/chemistry , Thiophenes/toxicity , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
In the title compound, C(12)H(2)Cl(2)F(6)IN(3)OS, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene and pyrazole rings is 77.8â (2)°. In the crystal, a short Iâ¯N contact of 2.897â (5)â Å occurs.
